CAMBRIDGE IELTS 1
PRACTICE TEST 2
READING
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions
28-41 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.
TOURISM
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A
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Tourism, holidaymaking
and travel are these days more significant social phenomena than most
commentators have considered On the face of it there could not be a more
trivial subject for a book And indeed since social scientists have had
considerable difficulty explaining weightier topics such as work or politics
it might be thought that they would have great difficulties in accounting for
more trivial phenomena such as holidaymaking However there are interesting
parallels with the study of deviance This involves the investigation of bizarre
and idiosyncratic social practices which happen to be defined as deviant in
some societies but not necessarily in others The assumption is that the
investigation of deviance can reveal interesting and significant aspects of
normal societies It could be said that a similar analysis can be applied to
tourism.
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B
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Tourism is a
leisure activity which presupposes its opposite namely regulated and
organised work It is one manifestation of how work and leisure are organised
as separate and regulated spheres of social practice in modern societies
Indeed acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being
modern’ and the popular concept of tourism is that it is organised within
particular places and occurs for regularised periods of time Tourist relationships
arise from a movement of people to and their stay in various destinations
This necessarily involves some movement that is the journey and a period of stay
in a new place or places The journey and the stay are by definition outside
the normal places of residence and work and are of a short term and temporary
nature and there is a clear intention to return “home within a relatively
short period of time
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C
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A
substantial proportion of the population of modern societies engages in such
tourist practices new socialised forms of provision have developed in order
to cope with the mass character of the gazes of tourists as opposed to the
individual character of travel Places are chosen to be visited and be gazed
upon because there is an anticipation especially through daydreaming and
fantasy of intense pleasures, either on a different scale or involving
different senses from those customarily encountered Such anticipation is
constructed and sustained through a variety of non-tourist practices such as films
TV literature, magazines records and videos which construct and reinforce
this daydreaming
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D
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Tourists
tend to visit features of landscape and townscape which separate them off
from everyday experience Such aspects are viewed because they are taken to be
in some sense out of the ordinary The viewing of these tourist sights often involves
different forms of social patterning with a much greater sensitivity to
visual elements of landscape or townscape than is normally found in everyday
life People linger over these sights in a way that they would not normally do
in their home environment and the vision is objectified or captured through
photographs postcards films and so on which enable the memory to be endlessly
reproduced and recaptured
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E
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One of the
earliest dissertations on the subject of tourism is Boorstins analysis of the
pseudo-event (1964) where he argues that contemporary Americans cannot experience
reality’ directly but thrive on pseudo-events Isolated from the host environment
and the local people the mass tourist travels in guided groups and finds pleasure
in inauthentic contrived attractions gullibly enjoying the pseudo-events and
disregarding the real world outside Over time the images generated of different
tourist sights come to constitute a closed self-perpetuating system of
illusions which provide the tourist with the basis for selecting and evaluating
potential places to visit Such visits are made says Boorstin, within the “environmental
bubble of the familiar American style hotel which insulates the tourist from
the strangeness of the host environment.
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F
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To service the
burgeoning tourist industry, an array of professionals has developed who
attempt to reproduce ever-new objects for the tourist to look at These
objects or places are located in a complex and changing hierarchy This
depends upon the interplay between, on the one hand, competition between
interests involved in the provision of such objects and, on the other hand
changing class, gender, and generational distinctions of taste within the potential
population of visitors It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics
of the “modern experience Not to go away is like not possessing a car or a
nice house Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also
thought to be necessary for good health The role of the professional,
therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance
with their class and overall expectations
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Questions 28-32
Reading Passage 3 has 6 paragraphs (A-F)
Choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph
from the list of headings below Write the appropriate numbers (i-ix) in
boxes 28-32 on your answer sheet. Paragraph D has been done for you as
an example.
NB There are more
headings than paragraphs so you will not use all of them You may use any heading more than once.
List of Headings
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i
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The politics
of tourism
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ii
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The cost of
tourism
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iii
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Justifying
the study of tourism
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iv
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Tourism
contrasted with travel
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v
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The essence
of modern tourism
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vi
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Tourism
versus leisure
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vii
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The
artificiality of modern tourism
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viii
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The role of
modern tour guides
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ix
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Creating an
alternative to the everyday experience
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28
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Paragraph A
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29
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Paragraph B
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30
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Paragraph C
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Example Answer
Paragraph D ix
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31
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Paragraph E
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32
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Paragraph F
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Questions 33-37
Do the following statements agree with
the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3? In boxes 33-37 write
YES
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if the statement agrees with the
writer
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NO
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if the statement contradicts the
writer
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NOT GIVEN
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if it is impossible to say what
the writer thinks about this
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Example
if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
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Answer
NOT GIVEN
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33
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Tourism is a
trivial subject.
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34
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An analysis
of deviance can act as a model for the analysis of tourism.
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35
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Tourists
usually choose to travel overseas.
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36
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Tourists
focus more on places they visit than those at home.
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37
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Tour
operators try to cheat tourists.
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Questions 38-41
Choose one phrase (A-H) from the
list of phrases to complete each key point below. Write the appropriate letters (A-H) in boxes 38-41 on your answer
sheet.
The information in the completed
sentences should be an accurate summary of points made by the writer.
NB There are more phrases
A-H than sentences so you will not use them all. You may use any phrase more than once.
38
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Our concept
of tourism arises from ______
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39
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The media
can be used to enhance ______
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40
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People view
tourist landscapes in a different way from ______
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41
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Group tours
encourage participants to look at ______
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List of Phrases
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A
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local people
and their environment.
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E
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the
individual character of travel.
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B
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the
expectations of tourists.
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F
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places seen
in everyday life.
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C
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the
phenomena of holidaymaking.
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G
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photographs
which recapture our holidays
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D
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the
distinction we make between work and leisure.
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H
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sights
designed especially for tourists.
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ANSWER
KEY
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