TOEFL 9 (READING PASSAGE 5) TOEFL READING PRACTICE WITH ANSWERS

 

TOEFL READING PRACTICE WITH ANSWERS TOEFL 9 (READING PASSAGE 5)

 

Question 39-50 Galaxies are the major building blocks of the universe. A galaxy is giant family of many millions of stars, and it is held together by its own gravitational field. Most of the material universe is organized into galaxies of stars together with gas and dust. There are three main types of galaxy: spiral, elliptical, and irregular. The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, a flattish disc of stars with two spiral arms emerging from its central nucleus. About one-quarter of all galaxies have this shape. Spiral galaxies are well supplied with the interstellar gas in which new stars form: as the rotating spiral pattern sweeps around the galaxy it compresses gas and dust, triggering the formation of bright young stars and in its arms. The elliptical galaxies have a symmetrical elliptical or spheroidal shape with no obvious structure. Most of their member stars are very old and since ellipticals are devoid of interstellar gas, no new stars are forming in them. The biggest and brightest galaxies in the universe are ellipticals with masses of about 1013 times that of the Sun, these giants may frequently be sources of strong radio emission, in which case they are called radio galaxies. About two-thirds of all galaxies are elliptical. Irregular galaxies comprise about one-tenth of all galaxies and they come in many subclasses. Measurement in space is quite different from measurement on Earth. Some terrestrial distances can be expressed as intervals of time, the time to fly from one continent to another or the time it takes to drive to work, for example. By comparison with these familiar yardsticks, the distances to the galaxies are incomprehensibly large, but they too are made more manageable by using a time calibration, in this case the distance that light travels in one year. On such a scale the nearest giant spiral galaxy, the Andromeda galaxy, is two million light years away. The most distant luminous objects seen by telescopes are probably ten thousand million light years away. Their light was already halfway here before the Earth even formed. The light from the nearby Virgo galaxy set out when reptiles still dominated the animal world.   39 The word "major" in line 1 is closest in meaning to (A) intense (B) principal (C) huge (D) unique 40 What does the second paragraph mainly discuss? (A) The Milky Way (B) Major categories of galaxies (C) How elliptical galaxies are formed (D) Differences between irregular and spiral galaxies 41 The word "which" in line 7 refers to (A) dust (B) gas (C) pattern (D) galaxy 42 According to the passage, new stars are formed in spiral galaxies due to (A) an explosion of gas (B) the compression of gas and dust (C) the combining of old stars (D) strong radio emissions 43 The word "symmetrical" in line 9 is closest in meaning to (A) proportionally balanced (B) commonly seen (C) typically large (D) steadily growing 44 The word "obvious" in line 10 is closest in meaning to (A) discovered (B) apparent (C) understood (D) simplistic 45 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true of elliptical galaxies? (A) They are the largest galaxies. (B) They mostly contain old stars. (C) They contain a high amount of interstellar gas. (D) They have a spherical shape. 46 Which of the following characteristics of radio galaxies is mentioned in the passage? (A) They are a type of elliptical galaxy. (B) They are usually too small to be seen with a telescope. (C) They are closely related to irregular galaxies. (D) They are not as bright as spiral galaxies 47 What percentage of galaxies are irregular? (A) 10% (B) 25% (C) 50% (D) 75% 48 The word "they" in line 21 refers to (A) intervals (B) yardsticks (C) distances (D) galaxies 49 Why does the author mention the Virgo galaxy and the Andromeda galaxy in the third paragraph? (A) To describe the effect that distance has no visibility. (B) To compare the ages of two relatively young galaxies. (C) To emphasize the vast distances of the galaxies from Earth. (D) To explain why certain galaxies cannot be seen by a telescope. 50 The word "dominated" in line 26 is closest in meaning to (A) threatened (B) replaced (C) were developing in (D) were prevalent in

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ANSWER KEY

39.            B 40.            B 41.             B 42.            B 43.            A 44.            B 45.            C 46.            A 47.            A 48.            C 49.            C 50.            D

TOEFL 9 (READING PASSAGE 4) TOEFL READING PRACTICE WITH ANSWERS

 

TOEFL READING PRACTICE WITH ANSWERS TOEFL 9 (READING PASSAGE 4)

 

Question 32-38 If you look closely at some of the early copies of the Declaration of Independence, beyond the flourished signature of John Hancock and the other 55 men who signed it, you will also find the name of one woman, Mary Katherine Goddard. It was she, a Baltimore printer, who published the first official copies of the Declaration, the first copies that included the names of its signers and therefore heralded the support of all thirteen colonies. Mary Goddard first got into printing at the age of twenty-four when her brother opened a printing shop in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1762. When he proceeded to get into trouble with his partners and creditors, it was Mary Goddard and her mother who were left to run the shop. In 1765 they began publishing the Providence Gazette, a weekly newspaper. Similar problems seemed to follow her brother as he opened businesses in Philadelphia and again in Baltimore. Each time Ms. Goddard was brought in to run the newspapers. After starting Baltimore's first newspaper, The Maryland Journal, in 1773, her brother went broke trying to organize a colonial postal service. While he was in debtor's prison. Mary Katherine Goddard's name appeared on the newspaper's masthead for the first time. When the Continental Congress fled there from Philadelphia in 1776, it commissioned Ms. Goddard to print the first official version of the Declaration of Independence in January 1777. After printing the documents, she herself paid the post riders to deliver the Declaration throughout the colonies. During the American Revolution, Mary Goddard continued to publish Baltimore's only newspaper, which one historian claimed was "second to none among the colonies". She was also the city's postmaster from 1775 to 1789 - appointed by Benjamin Franklin - and is considered to be the first woman to hold a federal position.   32 With which of the following subjects is the passage mainly concerned? (A) The accomplishments of a female publisher (B) The weakness of the newspaper industry (C) The rights of a female publisher (D) The publishing system in colonial America 33 Mary Goddard's name appears on the Declaration of Independence because (A) she helped write the original document (B) she published the document (C) she paid to have the document printed (D) her brother was in prison 34 The word "heralded" in line 5 is closest in meaning to (A) influenced (B) announced (C) rejected (D) ignored 35 According to the passage, Mary Goddard first became involved in publishing when she (A) was appointed by Benjamin Franklin (B) signed the Declaration of Independence. (C) took over her brother's printing shop (D) moved to Baltimore 36 The word "there" in line 17 refers to (A) the colonies (B) the print shop (C) Baltimore (D) Providence 37 It can be inferred from the passage that Mary Goddard was (A) an accomplished businesswoman (B) extremely wealthy (C) a member of the Continental Congress (D) a famous writer 38 The word "position" in line 24 is closest in meaning to (A) job (B) election (C) document (D) location

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ANSWER KEY

32.            A 33.             B 34.            B 35.            C 36.            C 37.             A 38.            A