CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
UNIT 80
Academic writing: text structure
A
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Explaining, reinforcing, exemplifying
Look at these extracts and note the
contexts in which the words in bold occur.
1
repeated, restated
2
described briefly the main facts or ideas
3
are a perfect example of
4
saying that something is certainly true
5
developed, proposed
6
emphasise
7
suggested as a basic fact or principle
8
explain, find the cause of
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B
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Categorising
and including
Chinese
visitors comprised / made up 70% of the hotel’s guests last
year. [consisted of]
The
course is comprised of two elements: reading and writing. [is composed
of]
These
two approaches can be subsumed under one heading. [brought together,
united]
The
book embraces a number of issues, from economic to religious ones. [covers,
includes]
Her
philosophy is difficult to categorise. [label as belonging to a
particular type or class]
Common
mistakes
Consist
is followed by of when we
refer to the elements which compose something: The country consists of five major regions (NOT
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C
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Structuring the text
Here
are some words and expressions for ordering and arranging the parts of an
essay.
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EXERCISES
80.1
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Look
at these extracts from essays and use words from A opposite to improve their
style, making the underlined words more formal.
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80.2
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Rewrite
these sentences using the verb in brackets and making any other necessary changes.
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80.3
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Fill
the gaps with words from C that express the meaning in brackets.
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80.4
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Over
to you
Choose
six words or expressions from this unit which you could use in your special
subject(s) of study. For each word or expression, write a sentence relevant
to your subject(s)
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ANSWER KEY
80.1
1
The response from the public underscores the importance of having a
full investigation of
the facts. 2 This view of the world was originally expounded by the Ancient Greek philosophers. 3 It is not easy to account for the fall in population of these birds. 4 Economists have posited a link between exchange rates and a general lack of confidence in the European Union. 5 I should like to reiterate here that the issue is not one that can be easily resolved. 6 The recent events epitomise the dilemma faced by politicians the world over. 7 In a 2010 article, Charles Plestow asserted that the whole European Medieval era had been misinterpreted. 8 The lecturer summarised the main arguments of her talk at the end.
80.2
Suggested
answers:
1 70% of the landmass is comprised of mountain ranges. / Mountain ranges comprise 70% of the landmass. 2 The book embraces a wide variety of subjects. (embrace is usually used in the active voice) 3 I think these three sections can all be subsumed under one heading. 4 The poems in this book have been categorised by topic. 5 The course consists of five modules, from which students must choose three.
80.3
1
return
2 brings 3 touches 4 address 5 beyond the scope of 6 ascending 7 forced to conclude 8 deal with |
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