CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
UNIT 67
Cause and effect
A
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‘Cause’
verbs and their collocations
The differences between these verbs
are best learnt by observing their typical collocations.
Language help
Cause and give are often used for things happening
without people doing anything, e.g. The hurricane caused terrible
damage.
Produce and generate usually suggest some sort of
intervention by people, e.g. His presentation generated a lot of
interest in the project.
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B
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Other
‘cause’ words
The
news provoked a feeling of despair in everyone.
The
events precipitated / sparked a political crisis. [quickly,
suddenly caused]
The
invention of the car brought about great changes in society. [gradually
produced]
Your
action has resulted in a formal complaint from a member of the public.
[produced]
His
problems stem from his difficult childhood. [be a result of]
Have
you any grounds for suspecting him? [cause, reason]
The
proposal has implications for traffic in the area. [is likely to cause
certain results]
My
argument is based on the available data. [has been developed as a
result of = the available data provide the basis for my argument]
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EXERCISES
67.1
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Decide
which verb from the opposite page best fits each gap. There may be more than one
possible answer.
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67.2
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A
preposition is missing from each of these sentences. Add it in the correct
place
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67.3
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Rewrite
these sentences using the word in brackets.
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67.4
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Use
any of the words and expressions from the opposite page to connect the events
in the left-hand column with those in the right-hand column, as shown.
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67.5
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Over
to you
Write
sentences about something in your life which has:
•
caused you a lot of problems.
•
given you a lot of happiness.
•
provoked a feeling of anger in you.
•
resulted in embarrassment for you.
•
brought about a change in your life.
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ANSWER KEY
67.1
1
C
2 B 3 D 4 C (accelerate is not normally used for people) 5 B 6 D 7 D 8 B 9 B 10 A
67.2
1
I have good grounds for believing that he is lying.
2 My suspicions are based on what I saw with my own eyes. 3 The government’s decision has serious implications for the economy. 4 His fear of flying stems from a film he once saw. 5 I’m glad to say that all her hard work has resulted in success. 6 The riots will probably bring about a change of government. 7 A considerable amount of damage was caused by the tornado.
67.3
Suggested
answers:
1 The crash on the motorway has caused all traffic to be severely delayed. 2 Your advice resulted in our getting there on time. 3 The minister’s comments about tax law have generated a lot of interest. 4 Her many problems stem from her previous poor decisions. 5 The bad weather brought about many flight cancellations.
67.4
Possible
answers:
2 The higher taxes have sparked off riots in three cities. 3 Icy roads have caused a number of serious accidents this week. 4 My old car has caused me / given me endless problems and involved me in a lot of expense. 5 This software can generate stunning images and graphics. 6 Jealousy caused the break-up of his marriage. |
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