CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
UNIT 71
Number: statistics and quantity
A
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Changes in numbers and quantities
During the five years 2010–2015,
internet use across the world was estimated to have increased twofold1,
while in China, it quadrupled2. In the developing world,
internet use grew by a factor of3 three.
The drastic4 changes
in interest rates resulted in a threefold5 increase in the
number of people unable to keep up their mortgage repayments.
The estimated number of stars in the
Milky Way has been revised upwards6 in light of recent
discoveries.
The weather patterns have deviated
from the norm7 in recent years. Sales fluctuate8
from month to month. Interest rates have seesawed9 all
year. Share prices have been erratic10 this last month.
1
the suffix -fold means ‘multiplied by that number’
2
increased by four times
3
multiplied by
4
severe and sudden
5
twofold, threefold, etc. can be used as an adverb or adjective
6
changed to a higher number (you can revise something downwards to a lower
number)
7
moved away from the standard or accepted pattern
8
keep going up and down
9
gone up and down at regular intervals
10 not regular and often changing suddenly
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B
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More expressions for describing
statistics and numbers
When
the different amounts were added up, the aggregate was £600,000. [total]
I’ve
aggregated all the figures. [added up all the different amounts]
The
Finance Minister said the July rise in inflation was only a blip. [temporary
change]
There
seems to be a correlation between mathematical and musical ability. [connection
between facts or things which cause or affect each other]
The
percentage of GDP expenditure which goes on education varies
considerably from country to country. [Gross Domestic Product:
the total amount that a country produces] [the amount of money spent on
something]
There’s
a discrepancy between our figures and yours. [difference between two
things that should be the same]
The
ratio of men to women in the Engineering Faculty was 3 to 1. [the
relationship between two amounts, which expresses how much bigger one is than
the other]
The
company’s figures were found to be flawed and the accountant was
fired. [inaccurate]
She
suffered multiple injuries in the accident. [very many of the same
type, or of different types]
Our
data are inconsistent with yours. [not in agreement with]
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C
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Assessing
quantity
1 guess believed to be accurate
2 add everything up (less formal)
3 get a figure over 100,000
4 different factors that may change
5 planned figures
6 been cautious
7 make, say, 2.5 into 2 rather than 3
8 cautious
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EXERCISES
71.1
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Use
words from the opposite page to fill the gaps.
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71.2
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Rewrite
these sentences using the words in brackets so that they keep the same meaning.
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71.3
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Answer
these questions.
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71.4
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Complete
the word formation table below. Use a dictionary if necessary. Do not fill
the shaded boxes.
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ANSWER KEY
71.1
1
fourfold
2 expenditure 3 factor 4 drastic 5 revise 6 correlation 7 GDP / Gross Domestic Product 8 quadrupled
71.2
Suggested
answers:
1 There seems to be a discrepancy between the two reports of the accident. 2 Oil prices seesawed last year. 3 Monthly average temperatures have deviated from the norm this year. 4 The water levels didn’t fluctuate as much as we’d expected last year. 5 I don’t need to know all the individual figures – just give me the aggregate. 6 His moods are erratic – one minute he’s happy, the next he’s depressed.
71.3
1
b
2 a 3 a 4 at least $1,000 5 55 6 the weather forecast, competing companies’ advertising campaigns 7 girls 8 b
71.4
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