CAMBRIDGE PREPARATION FOR THE TOEFL®
IBT TEST
DIAGNOSTIC TEST (PART 13)
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WRITING SECTION
Directions: This section measures your ability to use writing to
communicate in an academic environment. There will be two writing tasks.
For the first writing task, you will read a passage and listen to a
lecture, and then answer a question based on what you have read and heard.
For the second writing task, you will answer a question based on your own
knowledge and experience.
Now read the directions for the first writing task.
Writing Based on Reading and Listening
Directions: For this task, you will have three minutes to read a
passage about an academic topic. You may take notes on the passage while
you read. Then you will listen to a lecture about the same topic. While you
listen, you may also take notes.
Then you will have 20 minutes to write a response to a question that
asks you about the relationship between the lecture you heard and the
reading passage. Try to answer the question as completely as possible using
information from the reading passage and the lecture. The question does not
ask you to express your personal opinion. You can refer to the reading
passage again when it is time for you to write. You may use your notes to
help you answer the question.
Typically, an effective response will be 150 to 225 words long. Your
response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on the
completeness and accuracy of the content. If you finish your response
before time is up, go on to the second writing task.
On the day of the test, you will be required to type your response
into a computer. Therefore, if you are taking this test in the book,
practice typing your response on a computer.
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INTEGRATED TASK
Directions: You have three minutes to read and take notes from the
reading passage. Next, listen to the related lecture and take notes. Then
write your response.
Productivity
and Rewards
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An important management principle is that when behavior is rewarded,
it tends to be repeated. It follows that in many business enterprises, the
approach to getting employees to work hard or improve productivity is to
reward them with money or company stock. In addition, some enterprises use
other forms of compensation such as special privileges or perhaps promotion
or job reassignments or even company-paid luxury vacations and other
bonuses in kind. All such rewards are usually tied in to some index of
performance, which precisely calculates the relative amount of increased
productivity.
Whatever the type of reward given, managerial consultants point out
that the promise of such incentives improves employee attitudes,
motivation, and productivity. Typical business handbooks describing
compensation methods advocate giving the greatest rewards to those who
perform the best. For example, a well-known academic text on incentives
points out that "the closer the link between job performance and
rewards, the greater the motivational effect."
Advocates of improving productivity through rewards tacitly accept
that people are rather like physical bodies that require the application of
some external motivating force to be set in motion. Furthermore, they argue
that any such incentives must have a high perceived value to the employee
and must also be perceived as within the reach of that person. If the
productivity goal appears beyond the reach of the person striving for the
reward, then the motivational effect will be lower and productivity may
decline. But if the reward system is correctly structured, productivity
experts argue, it is possible to persuade people to achieve remarkable
results.
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START► CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD AUDIO CLICK HERE TO DOWNLOAD AUDIOSCRIPT
Now listen to part of a lecture on the topic you just read about.
STOP►
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ANSWER KEYS AND EXPLANATION
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