APPENDIX E: Word Endings LONGMAN COMPLETE COURSE FOR THE TOEFL

LONGMAN COMPLETE COURSE FOR THE TOEFL

APPENDIX E:

Word Endings

Word endings in English often tell you how a word is used grammatically in English; therefore, it is very important for you to recognize some common word endings. If you recognize a word ending on a word that you do not know, you can tell  how the word should be used grammatically, even if you do not understand the meaning of the word.

EXERCISE E1: Noun (Thing) Endings

The following noun (thing) endings are very common in English. It is important for you to study them and become familiar with them.

NOUN (THING) ENDINGS
-ism -nce -ness -ion	socialism excellence sadness information	-ment -ty -age -ship	government beauty marriage friendship

Using one of the endings above, change each of the following words into a noun (thing):

1	member	________________	9	alcohol	________________
2	kind	________________	10	permanent	________________
3	real	________________	11	mile	________________
4	move	________________	12	confuse	________________
5	human	________________	13	leader	________________
6	elect	________________	14	sudden	________________
7	break	________________	15	improve	________________
8	intelligent	________________	16	equal	________________

EXERCISE E2; Noun (Person) Endings

The following noun (person) endings are very common in English. It is important for you to study them and become familiar with them.

NOUN (PERSON) ENDINGS
-er -or	employer actor	-ist -cian	tourist musician

Using one of the endings above, change each of the following words into a noun (person):

1	teach	________________	9	perfection	________________
2	type	________________	10	program	________________
3	beauty	________________	11	electricity	________________
4	ideal	________________	12	invest	________________
5	invent	________________	13	build	________________
6	clinic	________________	14	natural	________________
7	special	________________	15	advice	________________
8	ranch	________________	16	mathematics	________________

EXERCISE E3; Adjective Endings

The following adjective endings are very common in English. It is important for you to study them and become familiar with them.

ADJECTIVE ENDINGS
-ent -ant -ful -ic -less	excellent important careful economic careless	-ive -ous -al -able -ible	expensive dangerous natural capable possible

Using one of the endings above, change each of the following words into an adjective:

1	heart	________________	9	courage	________________
2	nature	________________	10	use	________________
3	athlete	________________	11	enthusiasm	________________
4	mystery	________________	12	motion	________________
5	help	________________	13	tradition	________________
6	impress	________________	14	change	________________
7	intelligence	________________	15	permanence	________________
8	comfort	________________	16	attract	________________

EXERCISE E4; Verb Endings

The following verb endings are very common in English. It is important for you to study them and become familiar with them.

VERB ENDINGS
-en -ate	soften populate	-ize -ify	memorize notify

Using one of the endings above, change each of the following words into a verb:

1	dark	________________	9	different	________________
2	final	________________	10	identity	________________
3	just	________________	11	light	________________
4	separation	________________	12	glamour	________________
5	short	________________	13	person	________________
6	intense	________________	14	sweet	________________
7	investigation	________________	15	liberal	________________
8	industrial	________________	16	demonstration	________________

EXERCISE E5; Adverb Endings

The following adverb endings are very common in English. It is important for you to study them and become familiar with them.

ADVERB ENDINGS
-ly	really

Using one of the endings above, change each of the following words into an adverb:

1	final	________________	9	great	________________
2	careful	________________	10	complete	________________
3	obvious	________________	11	eager	________________
4	recent	________________	12	absolute	________________
5	strong	________________	13	correct	________________
6	perfect	________________	14	sudden	________________
7	fearful	________________	15	doubtful	________________
8	quick	________________	16	regular	________________

EXERCISE E6; All Endings Together

Identify each of the following words as noun-thing (NT), a noun-person (NP), an adjective (ADJ), an adverb (ADV), or a verb (V).

__________	1	heighten	__________	11	desertification	__________	21	speechless
__________	2	forgetful	__________	12	submissive	__________	22	tremendously
__________	3	imperialism	__________	13	nocturnal	__________	23	liability
__________	4	effusively	__________	14	establishment	__________	24	counsellor
__________	5	cashier	__________	15	impertinent	__________	25	civic
__________	6	columnist	__________	16	impertinently	__________	26	sensitize
__________	7	aggravate	__________	17	togetherness	__________	27	ambiance
__________	8	glamorous	__________	18	pharmacist	__________	28	justification
__________	9	vintage	__________	19	craftsmanship	__________	29	interpretive
__________	10	statistician	__________	20	manageable	__________	30	personify

EXERCISE E7; All Endings Together

Circle the letter of the word that correctly completes each sentence.

1	The __________ of the news could not be stressed enough.
	A	important	B	importance	C	importantly
2	The detective __________ that the maid committed the robbery.
	A	theorized	B	theoretician	C	theoretic
3	It is __________ that they live so close to the school.
	A	convenience	B	convenient	C	conveniently
4	The patient responded __________ to the medication.
	A	weaken	B	weakness	C	weakly
5	The psychologist explained his ideas on __________ interaction.
	A	social	B	society	C	socialize
6	Not everyone wants a job  as a __________
	A	mortal	B	mortally	C	mortician
7	You should not __________ the problem.
	A	minimal	B	minimize	C	minimally
8	Because of a traffic __________, he had to appear in court.
	A	violate	B	violator	C	violation
9	The children ran __________ toward the entrance of the park.
	A	excitedly	B	excited	C	excitement
10	The company was unable to __________ enough profit to stay in business.
	A	generator	B	generate	C	generation
11	She picked up a piece of __________ rock.
	A	volcano	B	vulcanize	C	volcanic
12	He responded __________ to the rude question.
	A	explosively	B	explosion	C	explosive
13	Because your medical problem is serious, you need to see a __________.
	A	specialize	B	special	C	specialist
14	The coach was able to __________ the athletes to perform better.
	A	motivate	B	motivator	C	motivation
15	He was not concerned about the __________ of his actions.
	A	careless	B	carelessness	C	carelessly
16	This portion of the report should be completed __________ of the other part.
	A	independence	B	independent	C	independently
17	The view of the mountain was __________.
	A	magnify	B	magnificent	C	magnification
18	It was necessary for the speaker to __________ her message.
	A	clarify	B	clarity	C	clarification
19	The __________ of the village was the soldiers’ primary goal.
	A	liberate	B	liberation	C	liberal
20	He gave an __________ incorrect answer to the question.
	A	obvious	B	obviously	C	obviate

EXERCISE E8; All Endings Together

The following sentences contain a number of underlined words. Each of the underlined words may not be correct. Circle the underlined words that are incorrect, and make them correct.

1	The police inspect organized and intensively search for the robber.
2	The newspaper reporter did not exact appreciate the negation comments about her article.
3	He became penniless and homeless when seriousness ill made him unable to work.
4	On the old college campus, the ivy-covered walls of the colonial buildings create an aura of gentility and tradition.
5	Maya Angelou is a poem, composition, and author of two autobiographically works, I Knew Why the Caged Bird Sings and My Name.
6	The process of Americanization encouragement immigrants to assimilation American attitudes, cultural, and citizenship.
7	During the previously war, the national defense establish found itself in greatness need of linguists.
8	The escalate of hostilities between the two nations has proven far more seriousness than analyse had previously expected.
9	Social is becoming increasingly dependence on complex computers for the arrange of its affairs.
10	If someone has an educator in the humanities, he or she is prepared to deal with abstraction or complex and to feel comfortably with subtleties of thought.
11	It is possibly to demonstrate that the mathematical odds for success of the program increase dramatically with the additional of increased financial backing.
12	It would be fatally for the administration to underestimate the determine of the protesters to have the new law overturned.

ANSWER KEY

EXERCISE E1

(There may be more than one possible answer.)

1	membership	9	alcoholism
2	kindness	10	permanence
3	reality	11	mileage
4	movement	12	confusion
5	humanity	13	leadership
6	election	14	suddenness
7	breakage	15	improvement
8	intelligence	16	equality

EXERCISE E2

1	teacher	9	perfectionist
2	typist	10	programmer
3	beautician	11	electrician
4	idealist	12	investor
5	inventor	13	builder
6	clinician	14	naturalist
7	specialist	15	advisor
8	rancher	16	mathematician

EXERCISE E3

(There may be more than one possible answer.)

1	heartless	9	useful/less
2	natural	10	enthusiastic
3	athletic	11	motionless
4	mysterious	12	traditional
5	helpful/less	13	changeable
6	impressive	14	permanent
7	intelligent	15	attractive
8	courageous

EXERCISE E4

(There may be more than one possible answer.)

1	darken	9	differentiate
2	finalize	10	identify
3	justify	11	lighten
4	separate	12	glamourize
5	shorten	13	personify
6	intensify	14	sweeten
7	investigate	15	liberalize
8	industrialize	16	demonstrate

EXERCISE E5

1	finally	9	greatly
2	carefully	10	completely
3	obviously	11	eagerly
4	recently	12	absolutely
5	strongly	13	correctly
6	perfectly	14	suddenly
7	fearfully	15	doubtfully
8	quickly	16	regularly

EXERCISE E6

 

EXERCISE E7

 

EXERCISE E8

1	inspector; intensive
2	exactly, negative
3	serious, illness
4	(no errors)
5	poet, composer, autobiographical
6	encourages, assimilate, culture
7	previous, establishment, great
8	escalation, serious, analysis
9	society, dependent, arrangement
10	education, complexities, comfortable
11	possible addition
12	fatal, determination