27
|
The word "engagement" in
the passage is closest in meaning to
|
In June 1863, a Confederate
army under the command of General Lee encountered a Union army commanded by
General Meade near the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The ensuing
battle, which lasted three days, is considered the most important single engagement of the
American Civil War in that it effectually ended the Confederates' last
major invasion of the North. Once the Southern Confederate army's offensive
strategy was destroyed at Gettysburg, the Southern states were forced to
fight a defensive war in which their weaker manufacturing capacity and
transportation infrastructure led ultimately to defeat.
|
A
|
agreement
|
B
|
meeting
|
C
|
battle
|
D
|
defeat
|
|
28
|
In paragraph 1, the author suggests that the Confederates lost the
Civil War largely because their
|
→ In June 1863, a Confederate army under
the command of General Lee encountered a Union army commanded by General
Meade near the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. The ensuing battle, which
lasted three days, is considered the most important single engagement of
the American Civil War in that it effectually ended the Confederates' last
major invasion of the North. Once the Southern Confederate army's offensive
strategy was destroyed at Gettysburg, the Southern states were forced to
fight a defensive war in which their weaker manufacturing capacity and
transportation infrastructure led ultimately to defeat.
|
A
|
leaders were ineffective
|
B
|
industrial capacity was weaker
|
C
|
soldiers were unprofessional
|
D
|
strategy was poorly planned
|
Paragraph 1 is marked with an arrow [→].
|
29
|
Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential
information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices
change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
|
General Lee had ordered his
Confederate army to invade the northern state of Pennsylvania in the hope
of enticing the Union army into a vulnerable position. The strategy was also aimed at increasing the war
weariness of the North and ultimately at leading Abraham Lincoln's
government into concluding a peace deal and recognizing the independence of
the Confederate South.
|
A
|
General Lee tried to lure his soldiers into invading
the North in order to defeat the Union army.
|
B
|
The Union army was in danger of an invasion by General Lee's army
due to its location in Pennsylvania.
|
C
|
In the hope of luring the Union army into an exposed
situation, General Lee's forces marched into Pennsylvania.
|
D
|
The state of Pennsylvania was a suitable location for drawing out
the Union army into a dangerous situation.
|
|
30
|
What can be inferred from paragraph 2 about the North's attitude
about the war?
|
→ General Lee had ordered his Confederate
army to invade the northern state of Pennsylvania in the hope of enticing
the Union army into a vulnerable position. The strategy was also aimed at
increasing the war weariness of the North and ultimately at leading Abraham
Lincoln's government into concluding a peace deal and recognizing the
independence of the Confederate South.
|
A
|
It was angry at the loss of freedoms.
|
B
|
It was keen on continuing the war.
|
C
|
It was keen on independence.
|
D
|
It was tired of waging war.
|
Paragraph 2 is marked with an arrow [→].
|
31
|
We can infer from the passage that, at Gettysburg, the Union army
largely played which kind of strategy?
|
[Refer to the full passage.]
|
A
|
An offensive strategy
|
B
|
A strategy of hit and run
|
C
|
A defensive strategy
|
D
|
A strategy of wait and see
|
|
32
|
The phrase " this
crest" in the passage refers to
|
On the morning of July 1, the battle opened with Confederate troops
attacking a Union cavalry division to the west of Gettysburg at McPherson
Ridge. The Union forces were outnumbered but managed to hold their
positions initially. Reinforcements came to both sides, but eventually the
Union forces were overpowered and were driven back to the south of
Gettysburg. Thousands of their soldiers were captured in this retreat.
During the night the bulk of the Union army arrived and the troops labored
to create strong defensive positions along Cemetery Ridge, a long rise of
land running southward from outside the town, and on two hills just to the
north and east of this
crest. When it was fully assembled, the whole Union army formed a
defensive arc resembling a fishhook. The Confederate forces, about one mile
distant, faced the Union positions from the west and north in a larger
concave arc.
|
A
|
the Confederate forces
|
B
|
Cemetery Ridge
|
C
|
Union army reinforcements
|
D
|
the town of Gettysburg
|
|
33
|
Why does the author say the positions of the Union army resembled a
fishhook?
|
[Refer to the full passage.]
|
A
|
To give the reader a mental picture of the troops'
positions
|
B
|
To explain the appearance of the sharp pointed hooks used as weapons
|
C
|
To suggest that taking a fishhook formation is a good
tactic in war
|
D
|
To imply that the ridge had a curved shape like that of a fishhook
|
|
34
|
he word "devastating"
in the passage is closest in meaning to
|
Throughout July 2 Lee's forces attacked both Union flanks, leaving
thousands of dead on both sides. To the south the Confederates overran the
Union's advance lines. but they failed to dislodge the Union forces from
their main positions. A strategically important hill on the Union army's
left flank known as Little Round Top was stormed by the Confederates, but
Meade's forces fought a skillful defensive battle and the attacks were
unsuccessful. There was a devastating number of casualties on both sides.
|
A
|
important
|
B
|
desperate
|
C
|
decisive
|
D
|
ruinous
|
|
35
|
All of the following are implied in paragraph 5 as contributing to
the failure of Pickett's Charge EXCEPT
|
→ On the third day of battle. General Lee
decided to concentrate his attack on the center of the Union forces ranged
along Cemetery Ridge. He reasoned, against the advice of others in his
senior staff, that since the Union forces had reinforced both their flanks,
their central defensive positions would be weaker and easier to overrun. As
a prelude to the attack, the Confederate artillery bombarded the ridge for
two hours, but inflicted less damage than they had expected, due to poor
visibility. When the bombardment ceased, a Confederate infantry force of
about 13,000 men charged courageously across the open land toward the Union
lines on Cemetery Ridge about a mile away. This attack, now known as
Pickett's Charge after the general whose division led it, failed in its
objective to break the Union line.
|
A
|
General Lee's refusal to listen to his generals'
opinion
|
B
|
the Confederate artillery's failure to cause much damage
|
C
|
the Union's center being stronger than anticipated
|
D
|
the Confederate infantry not performing at full strength
|
Paragraph 5 is marked with an arrow [→].
|
36
|
Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be
added to the passage.
They were subjected to heavy artillery and rifle fire and sustained
a huge number of casualties.
Where would the sentence best fit?
Choose the letter of the square that shows where the sentence should
be added.
|
On the third day of battle, General Lee decided to concentrate his
attack on the center of the Union forces ranged along Cemetery Ridge. [A] He reasoned,
against the advice of others in his senior staff, that since the Union
forces had reinforced both their flanks, their central defensive positions
would be weaker and easier to overrun. [B] As a prelude to the attack, the
Confederate artillery bombarded the ridge for two hours, but inflicted less
damage than they had expected, due to poor visibility. [C] When the
bombardment ceased, a Confederate infantry force of about 13,000 men
charged courageously across the open land toward the Union lines on
Cemetery Ridge about a mile away. [D] This attack, now known as Pickett's Charge
after the general whose division led it, failed in its objective to break
the Union line.
|
O
|
A
|
O
|
B
|
O
|
C
|
O
|
D
|
|
37
|
According to the passage, the battle of Gettysburg ended with
|
[Refer to the full passage.]
|
A
|
Lee signing a document of surrender
|
B
|
the Southern territories becoming much safer
|
C
|
Lee's army devastating the countryside in their
retreat
|
D
|
a high death toll for both the Union and the Confederates
|
|
38
|
According to the passage, why was the battle of Gettysburg so
decisive?
|
[Refer to the full passage.]
|
A
|
The Confederates lost so many troops.
|
B
|
It created war weariness on both sides.
|
C
|
The Confederates failed to capture Northern
territory.
|
D
|
The Union troops gained confidence.
|
|
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