64. To …, for … and so that … ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

                    ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

64. To …, for … and so that …

A	Study these examples: ·         I phoned the restaurant to reserve a table. ·         What do you need to make bread? ·         We shouted to warn everybody of the danger. ·         This letter is to confirm the decisions we made at our meeting last week. ·         The president has a team of bodyguards to protect him. In these examples to ... (to reserve ... /to make ... etc.) tells us the purpose of something: why somebody does something~ has something~ needs something etc. or why something exists.
B	We say 'a place to park ~ 'something to eat'~ 'work to do' etc.: ·         It’s difficult to find a place to park in the centre. (= a place where you can park) ·         Would you like something to eat? (= something that you can eat) ·         Do you have much work to do? (=work that you must do) ·         I get lonely if there is nobody to talk to. ·         I need something to open this bottle with. Also money/time/chance/opportunity/energy/courage (etc.) to do something: ·         They gave us money to buy food. ·         Do you have much opportunity to practise your English? ·         I need a few days to think about your proposal.
C	Compare for ... and to ... for + noun to + verb ·         We stopped for petrol. ·         I had to run for the bus. ·         We stopped to get petrol. ·         I had to run to catch the bus. You can say 'for somebody to do something': ·         There weren’t any chairs for us to sit on, so we sat on the floor. You can use for -ing or to ... to talk about the general purpose of something) or what it is generally used for: ·         I use this brush for washing the dishes.           or       ... to wash the dishes. But we do not use for -ing to say why somebody does something: ·         I went into the kitchen to wash the dishes. (not for washing) You can use What ... for? to ask about purpose: ·         What is this switch for? ·         What did you do that for?
D	So that We use so that (not to ... ) especially when the purpose is negative (so that .. . won't/wouldn't): ·         I hurried so that I wouldn't be late. (= because I didn’t want to be late) ·         Eat something now so that you won't (or don't) get hungry later. with can and could (so that ... can/could): ·         She is learning English so that she can study in Canada. ·         We moved to London so that we could see our friends more often. You can leave out that. So you can say: I hurried so that I wouldn't be late.             or         I hurried so I wouldn’t be late.

EXERCISES

64.1	Choose from Box A and Box B to make a new sentence with to .... A B 1 I should I want to keep warm 2 I opened the box I want to go to Canada 3 I’m saving money I wanted to report the accident. 4 I need a knife I wanted to warn people of the danger 5 I’m wearing two sweaters I want to chop these onions 6 I phoned the police I wanted to see what was in it 1 ____ I shouted to warn people of the danger. _____________ 2 I opened the box ________________________________________ 3 I ________________________________________ 4 ________________________________________ 5 ________________________________________ 6 ________________________________________
64.2	Complete these sentences using to+ a suitable verb. 1 The president has a team of bodyguards ___ to protect ____him. 2 I didn't have enough time _______ the newspaper today. 3 I came home by taxi. I didn't have the energy _______. 4 'Would you like something _______ 'Yes, please. A cup of coffee.' 5 We need a bag _______ these things in. 6 There will be a meeting next week _______ the problem. 7 Do you need a visa _______ to the United States? 8 I saw Helen at the party, but we didn't have a chance _______ to each other. 9 I need some new clothes. I don't have anything nice _______. 10 They've just passed their exams. They're having a party _______. 11 I can't do all this work alone. I need somebody _______ me.
64.3	Put in to or for. 1 We stopped ____for______ petrol. 2 You need a lot of experience _______________this job. 3 You need a lot of experience _______________do this job. 4 We'll need more time _______________make a decision. 5 I went to the dentist _______________a check-up. 6 I had to put on my glasses _______________read the paper. 7 Do you have to wear glasses _______________reading? 8 I wish we had a garden _______________the children _______________play in.
64.4	Make one sentence from two, using so that. 1 I hurried. I didn't want to be late. I hurried ___so that I wouldn’t be late. ___________ 2 I wore warm clothes. I didn't want to be cold. I wore warm clothes ____________________________ 3 I gave Dan my phone number. I wanted him to be able to contact me. I gave Dan my phone number ____________________________ 4 We whispered. We didn't want anybody else to hear our conversation. We whispered ____________________________ nobody____________________________ 5 Please arrive early. We want to be able to start the meeting on time. Please arrive early____________________________ 6 We made a list of things to do. We didn't want to forget anything. We made a list of things to do____________________________ 7 I slowed down. I wanted the car behind me to be able to overtake. I slowed down ____________________________

ANSWER KEY