51. Auxiliary verbs (have/do/can etc.) I think so/ I hope so etc.ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

51. Auxiliary verbs (have/do/can etc.)

I think so/ I hope so etc.

A	In each of these sentences there is an auxiliary verb and a main verb: I She The hotel Where have can’t was do you lost come built live? my keys. to the party. ten years ago In these examples have/can't/was/do are auxiliary (=helping) verbs. You can use an auxiliary verb when you don't want to repeat something: ·         'Have you locked the door?' 'Yes, I have.' (=I have locked the door) ·         Gary wasn't working, but Laura was. (= Laura was working) ·         Jessica could lend me the money, but she won't. (=she won't lend me the money) Use do/does/did for the present and past simple: ·         'Do you like onions?' 'Yes, I do.' (=I like onions) ·         'Does Simon live in London?' 'He did, but he doesn't any more.' You can use auxiliary verbs to deny what somebody says(= say it is not true): ·         'You're sitting in my place.' 'No, I'm not.' (=I'm not sitting in your place) ·         'You didn't lock the door before you left.' 'Yes, I did.' (=I locked the door)
B	We use have you? /isn't she? /do they? etc. to show interest in what somebody has said, or to show surprise: ·         'I've just seen Stephen.' 'Oh, have you? How is he?' ·         'Lisa isn't very well today.' 'Oh, isn't she? What's wrong with her?' ·         'It rained every day during our holiday.' 'Did it? What a shame!' ·         'James and Tanya are getting married.' 'Are they? Really?'
C	We use auxiliary verbs with so and neither: ·         'I'm tired.' 'So am 1.' (=I'm tired too) ·         'I never read newspapers.' 'Neither do 1.' (= I never read newspapers either) ·         Sarah hasn't got a car and neither has Mark. Note the word order after so and neither (verb before subject): ·         I passed the exam and so did Paul. (not so Paul did) Instead of neither, you can use nor. You can also use not ... either: 'I don't know.' 'Neither do 1.' or 'Nor do 1 .' or 'I don't either.'
D	I think so /I hope so etc. After some verbs we use so when we don't want to repeat something: 'Are those people Korean?' 'I think so.' (= I think they are Korean) 'Will you be at home this evening?' 'I expect so. (= I expect I'll beat home ... ) 'Do you think Kate has been invited to the party?' 'I suppose so.' In the same way we say: I hope so, I guess so and I'm afraid so. The usual negative forms are: I think so /I expect so I hope so /I'm afraid so /I guess so I suppose so → → → I don't think so /I don't expect so I hope not /I'm afraid not /I guess not I don't suppose so or I suppose not ·         'Is that woman American?'    'I think so. / I don't think so.' ·         Do you think it will rain?'      'I hope so. /I hope not.' (not I don't hope so)

EXERCISES

51.1	Complete each sentence with an auxiliary verb (do/was/could etc.). Sometimes the verb must be negative (don't/wasn't etc.). 1 I wasn't tired, but my friends ____were_____. 2 I like hot weather, but Ann ________ 3 'Is Andy here?' 'He ________ five minutes ago, but I think he's gone home now.' 4 Liz said she might call me later this evening, but I don't think she _________. 5 'Are you and Chris coming to the party?' 'I ______, but Chris ______ .’ 6 I don't know whether to apply for the job or not. Do you think I ________________? 7 'Please don't tell anybody what I said.' 'Don't worry. I ___________.' 8 'You never listen to me.' 'Yes, I __________!' 9 I thought it was going to rain, but it __________. 10 'Please help me.' 'I'm sorry. I ________if I __________, but I _______.’
51.2	You never agree with Sue. Answer in the way shown. Sue You 1 I'm hungry. ___Are you? I’m not. ______ 2 I'm not tired. ___ Aren’t you? I am _______ 3 I like football. ___________________________________ 4 I didn't enjoy the film. ___________________________________ 5 I've never been to Australia. ___________________________________ 6 I thought the exam was easy. ___________________________________
51.3	You are talking to Tina. If you're in the same position as Tina, reply with So ... or Neither ... , as in the first example. Otherwise, ask questions as in the second example. Tina You 1 I'm tired. ___So am I ______ 2 I work hard. ___ Do you? What do you do?_______ 3 I watched television last night. ___________________________________ 4 I won't be at home tomorrow. ___________________________________ 5 I like reading. I read a lot. ___________________________________ 6 I'd like to live somewhere else. ___________________________________ 7 I can't go out tonight. ___________________________________
51.4	In these conversations, you are B. Read the information in brackets and then answer with I think so, I hope not etc. 1 (You don't like rain.) A: Is it going to rain?     B: (hope) ________I hope not_______________ 2 (You need more money quickly.) A: Do you think you'll get a pay rise soon?              B: (hope) __________________________ 3 (You think Katherine will probably get the job that she applied for.) A: Do you think Katherine will get the job?              B: (expect) ______________________________ 4 (You're not sure whether Amy is married - probably not.) A: Is Amy married?                                                    B: (think) ____________________________ 5 (You are the receptionist at a hotel. The hotel is full.) A: Have you got a room for tonight?                        B: (afraid) ________________________ 6 (You're at a party. You have to leave early.) A: Do you have to leave already?                              B: (afraid) __________________________________ 7 (Ann normally works every day, Monday to Friday. Tomorrow is Wednesday.) A: Is Ann working tomorrow?                                 B: (suppose) _________________ 8 (You are going to a party. You can't stand John.) A: Do you think John will be at the party?              B: (hope) ______________________________ 9 (You're not sure what time the concert is - probably 7.30.) A: Is the concert at 7.30?                                           B: (think) ___________________________________

ANSWER KEY