PREVIEW TEST 2 Structure (PETERSON’S TOEFL SUCCESS)

(PETERSON’S TOEFL SUCCESS)

PREVIEW TEST 2 Structure

Directions: This section tests your ability to recognize both correct and incorrect English structures. There are two types of items in this section. One type involves a sentence that is missing a verb or phrase. Four words or phrases appear below the sentence. You must choose the one that best completes the sentence.

Example I __________ large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina. (A) There are no (B) Not the (C) It is not (D) No The correct answer is (D). This sentence should properly read, “No large natural lakes are found in the state of South Carolina.”

The other type of item involves a sentence in which four words or phrases have been underlined. You must identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed for the sentence to be considered correct.

As soon as you understand the directions, begin work on this Preview Test. There are 25 questions.

1	Martha Graham, ____________ of the pioneers of modern dance, didn’t begin dancing until she was 21. (A) who, as one (B) she was (C) one (D) was one
2	There (A) are thousand (B) of different (C) types of (D)roses.
3	Sponges have (A) neither heads (B) or (C) separate body organs (D).
4	Tiger moths __________ wings marked with stripes or spots. (A) have (B) with (C) their (D) whose
5	The first recorded (A) use of natural gas to light (B)street lamps it was (C) in the town of (D) Frederick, New York, in 1825..
6	Most of Annie Jump Cannon’s career as an astronomer involved the observation, classification, and _________________. (A) she analyzed stars (B) the stars’ analysis (C) stars were analyzed (D) analysis of stars
7	The French Quarter is the (A) most famous (B) and the most old (C) section of (D) New Orleans.
8	Liquids take the shape (A) of any (B) container which in (C) they are placed(D).
9	There (A) are several (B) races of giraffes, but (C) there are (D) only one species.
10	Platinum is harder than copper and is almost as pliable __________. (A) gold (B) than gold (C) as gold (D) gold is
11	Many communities are dependent on groundwater __________ from wells for their water supply. (A) that obtained (B) obtained (C) is obtained (D) obtain it
12	Boolean algebra is most often (A) used to solve (B) problems in logic (C), probability, and engineer (D).
13	There were __________ federal laws regulating mining practices until 1872. (A) none (B) not (C) no (D) nor
14	A number of (A) the materials used in manufacturing paint are (B) potential (C) dangerous if mishandled (D).
15	__________ experimental studies of the aging process, psychologist Ross McFarland determined that people could work productively much longer than had previously been thought. (A) In that (B) Through (C) Since (D) Into
16	Despite (A) they are small (B), ponies are strong (C) and have (D) great stamina.
17	Physical therapists help patients relearn (A) how to use (B) their bodies after (C) disease or injure (D).
18	Designed by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi, the ______________________________________ ______________________________________. (A) United States was given the Statue of Liberty by the people of France (B) people of France gave the Statue of Liberty to the United States (C) Statue of Liberty was given to the United States by the people of France (D) French people presented the United States with a gift, the Statue of Liberty
19	In 1791, Quebec was divided into two sections, Upper Canada and Lower Canada, _____________ were ruled by elected assemblies. (A) they both (B) both of them (C) in which both (D) both of which
20	__________ quicksand can be found all over the world, little was known about its composition until recently. (A) Except (B) Although (C) Even (D) Despite
21	________________ are a form of carbon has been known since the late eighteenth century. (A) Diamonds (B) Because diamonds (C) That diamonds (D) Diamonds, which
22	In the late (A) nineteenth century, man public buildings, especially that (B) on college campuses, were built (C) in the Romanesque Revival style of architecture (D).
23	Not only ____________________ places of beauty, but they also serve scientific and educational purposes as well. (A) are botanical gardens (B) botanical gardens to be (C) botanical gardens are (D) to be botanical gardens
24	Since (A) 1908, breeders set out (B) to produce chickens that could survive (C) Canada’s cold climate (D).
25	There was (A) once a widespread believe (B) that all lizards (C) were poisonous (D).

This is the end of Preview Test 2

ANSWER KEY

1. one /The only choice that correctly completes this sentence is an appositive. 2. thousand /The plural verb are indicates that a plural subject, thousands, must be used. 3. or /The correct pattern is neither . . . nor. 4. have /A verb is required to complete the sentence. 5. it was /The use of the pronoun subject it is unnecessary; it should be omitted. 6. analysis of stars For parallelism, a noun phrase is required. 7. most old /The superlative form of a one-syllable adjective (old) is formed with the suffix -est: oldest. 8. which in /The preposition must precede the relative pronoun: in which. 9. are /The subject of the clause (one species) is singular, so the singular verb is must be used. 10. as gold /The correct way to complete this comparison is by completing the as + adjective + as phrase (as pliable as gold.) 11. obtained /The only correct way to complete this sentence is with a participle (obtained really means which is obtained). 12. engineer /To be parallel with the other words in the series (logic and probability), the name of the field (engineering) must be used. 13. no /The adjective no is needed before the noun phrase federal laws. 14. potential /An adverb (potentially), not an adjective (potential), is needed. 15. Through /This sentence can be correctly completed only with an introductory prepositional phrase (Through experimental studies). 16. Despite /Despite is only used before noun phrases. An adverb-clause marker (although) must be used with a clause. 17. injure /A noun (injury), not a verb (injure), is required. 18. the Statue of Liberty was given to the United Statesby the people of France /This is the only subject of the sentence that logically goes with the modifier, Designed by . . . 19. both of which /This choice correctly follows the pattern quantifier + of + relative pronoun. 20. Although /This sentence can be completed correctly only with an adverb clause introduced by the marker Although. (Even though would also be correct.) 21. That diamonds /This sentence can be completed correctly only with a noun clause introduced by the marker That. 22. that /The pronoun refers to a plural noun phrase (public buildings), so the plural pronoun those must be used. 23. are botanical gardens /A main verb, such as are, is required to complete the clause (to be is not a main verb), and the subject and verb must be inverted because the clause begins with the negative phrase not only. 24. Since /The verb in this sentence is in the past tense to indicate that something occurred at a specific time in the past. The preposition In should therefore replace Since. Since is used with the present perfect tense. 25. believe /The noun belief should be used in place of the verb believe.