13. PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST 1 (I have done and I did) ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

13. PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST 1 (I have done and I did)

A	Study this example situation: ·         Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. ·         He has lost his key. (present perfect)(This means that he doesn't have his key now.) Ten minutes later: ·         Now Tom has found his key. He has it now. ·         Has he lost his key? No, he has found it. ·         Did he lose his key? Yes, he did. ·         He lost his key (past simple)but now he has found it. (present perfect) The present perfect (something has happened) is a present tense. It always tells us about the situation now. 'Tom has lost his key'= he doesn't have his key now (see Unit 7). The past simple (something happened) tells us only about the past. If somebody says 'Tom lost his key', this doesn't tell us whether he has the key now or not. It tells us only that he lost his key at some time in the past. Do not use the present perfect if the situation now is different. Compare: ·         They've gone away. They'll be back on Friday. (they are away now) ·         They went away, but I think they're back at home now. (not They've gone) ·         It has stopped raining now, so we don't need the umbrella. (it isn't raining now) ·         It stopped raining for a while, but now it's raining again. (not lt has stopped)
B	You can use the present perfect for new or recent happenings: ·         'I've repaired the washing machine. It's working OK now.' 'Oh, that's good.' ·         'Sally has had a baby! It's a boy.' 'That's great news.' Usually, you can also use the past simple: ·         I repaired the washing machine. It's working OK now. Use the past simple (not the present perfect) for things that are not recent or new: ·         Mozart was a composer. He wrote more than 600 pieces of music. (not has been ... has written) ·         My mother grew up in Italy. (not has grown) Compare: ·         Did you know that somebody has invented a new type of washing machine? ·         Who invented the telephone? (not has invented)
C	We use the present perfect to give new information (see Unit 7). But if we continue to talk about it, we normally use the past simple: ·         A : Ow! I've burnt myself. ·         B: How did you do that? (not have you done) ·         A: I picked up a hot dish. (not have picked) ·         A: Look! Somebody has spilt something on the sofa. ·         B: Well, it wasn't me. I didn't do it. (not hasn't been ... haven't done)

13.1	Complete the sentences using the verbs in brackets. Use the present perfect where possible. Otherwise use the past simple.
13.2	Are the underlined parts of these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. 1 Did you hear about Sue? She's given up her job. OK 2 My mother has grown up in Italy. grew 3 How many poems has William Shakespeare written? _______ 4 Ow! I've cut my finger. It's bleeding. _______ 5 Drugs have become a big problem everywhere. _______ 6 Who has invented paper? _______ 7 Where have you been born? _______ 8 Ellie isn't at home. She's gone shopping. _______ 9 Albert Einstein has been the scientist who has developed the theory of relativity. _______
13.3	Put the verb into the correct form, present perfect or past simple. 1 ______It stopped___ raining for a while, but now it’s raining again· (it/stop) 2 The town where I live is very different now. _____ It has changed ___ a lot. (it/change) 3 I studied German at school, but _______ most of it now. (I/ forget) 4 The police ________ three people, but later they let them go. (arrest) 5 What do you think of my English? Do you think _________? (it/improve) 6 A: Are you still reading the paper? B: No,__________with it. You can have it. (I/finish) 7 ______ for a job as a tourist guide, but I wasn't successful. (I/apply) 8 Where's my bike? __________outside the house, but it's not there now. (it/be) 9 Quick! We need to call an ambulance. _______________an accident. (there/be) 10 A: Have you heard about Ben? __________ his arm. (he/break) B: Really? How________? (that/happen) A: _____________ off a ladder. (he/fall)

ANSWER KEY

UNIT 13 13.1 2 has gone 3 forgot 4 went 5 had 6 has broken 13.2 3 did William Shakespeare write 4 OK 5 OK 6 Who invented 7 were you born 8 OK 9 Albert Einstein was ... who developed 13.3 3 I've forgotten/ I have forgotten 4 arrested 5 it's improved /it has improved 6 I've finished / I have finished (I'm finished is also correct) 7 I applied 8 It was 9 There's been /There has been 10 He broke or He's broken /He has broken ... did that happen ... he fell