ADDITION, EQUATION, AND CONCLUSION

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR TOEFL

ADDITION, EQUATION, AND CONCLUSION

This exercise will help you to review more of the important words that we use to join ideas in an essay, a verbal presentation or sometimes in everyday speech.

Exercise 1

Put the following words and expressions into their correct place in the table depending on their
function.

to sum up briefly	along with	as well as	it can be concluded that	likewise	similarly
also	too	in addition	besides	to conclude	in brief
in the same way	thus	what's more	furthermore	moreover	along with
to summarize	therefore	correspondingly

Addition (for example: and)	Equation (for example: equally)	Conclusion (for example: in conclusion)

Exercise 2

Complete these sentences with one of the words or expressions from above. In most cases, more
than one answer is possible.

1	Tourism brings much needed money to developing countries. _____________, it provides employment for the local population.
2	_____________ bringing much needed money to developing countries, tourism provides employment for the local population.
3	Tourists should respect the local environment. _____________ they should respect the local customs.
4	_____________ industrial waste, pollution from car fumes is poisoning the environment.
5	In order to travel, you need a passport. ______________, you might need a visa, immunization shots, and written permission to visit certain areas.
6	Drugs are banned in Britain. ______________ weapons such as guns and knives.
7	All power corrupts. ______________, absolute power corrupts absolutely.
8	You shouldn't smoke, drink, take drugs, or eat unhealthy food. ______________, you should live a more healthy lifestyle.
9	The ozone layer is becoming depleted, the air in the cities is becoming too dirty to breathe, and our seas and rivers are no longer safe to swim in. ______________ pollution is slowly destroying the planet.
10	Your grades have been very poor all year. ______________ you need to work really hard if you want to pass your exams next month.

ANSWER KEY

Exercise 1

Addition;	and   along with    as well as   also   too   in addition   besides   what's more furthermore   moreover      along with (this could also be equation)
Equation;	equally    likewise    similarly      in the same way    correspondingly     along with (this could also be addition)
Conclusion;	in conclusion    to sum up briefly    it can be concluded that      to conclude     in brief    thus     to summarize      therefore

Exercise 2

1	Furthermore / Moreover / In addition / What's more (this is less formal than the other expressions)
2	As well as / Besides
3	Likewise / Similarly / In the same way (the verbs in both sentences – i.e., respect – are the same and refer to the same thing, so we can use a word of equation here)
4	As well as / Along with
5	In addition
6	Likewise / Similarly
7	Likewise / In the same way / Correspondingly
8	In brief
9	it can be concluded that
10	Therefore (To sum up, To conclude and To summarize are usually used to conclude longer pieces of writing – e.g., at the end of an essay. Thus is slightly more formal than therefore, but has the same meaning)