CAMBRIDGE IELTS 13
TEST 1 (LISTENING)
SECTION 4
Questions
31-40
Complete the note below
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer
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Effects of urban environments on animals
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Introduction
Recent urban developments represent
massive environmental changes. It was previously thought that only a few
animals were suitable for city life, e.g.
·
the 31 ________ - because of its general
adaptability
·
the pigeon – because walls of city buildings are
similar to 31 ________
In fact, many urban animals are
adapting with unusual 33 ________
Recent
research
· Emilie
Shell-Rood studied
small urbanised mammal specimens from museums in Minnesota.
Ø She found the
size of their 34 ________ had increased.
Ø She suggests
this may be due to the need t locate new sources of 35 ________ and to deal
with new dangers.
·
Catarina Miranda focused on the 36 ________of
urban and rural blackbirds
Ø She found urban
birds were often braver, but were afraid of situations that were 37 ________
·
Jonathan Atwell studies how
animals respond to urban environments.
Ø He found that
some animals respond to 38 ________ by producing lower levels of hormones.
· Sarah Partan’s
team found
urban squirrels use their 39 ________ to help them communicate.
Long-term
possibilities
Species of animals may develop which
are unique to cities. However, some changes may not be 40 ________
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ANSWER
KEY
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31
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crow
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32
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cliffs
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33
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speed
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34
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brain(s)
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35
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food
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36
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behaviour(s)/behaviour(s)
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37
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new
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38
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stress
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39
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tail(s)
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40
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permanent
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