7. PRESENT PERFECT 1 (I have done)

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

7. PRESENT PERFECT 1 (I have done)

A	Study this example situation: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. He has lost his key. He has lost his key= He lost it recently, and he still doesn't have it. Have/has lost is the present perfect simple: I/ we/ they/ you have (=I’ve etc.)  finished lost done been etc. he/ she/ it has (= he’s etc.) The present perfect simple is have/has+ past participle. The past participle often ends in –ed (finished/decided etc.), but many important verbs are irregular (lost/done/written etc.).
B	When we say that 'something has happened', this is usually new information: Owl I've cut my finger. The road is closed. There's been (there has been) an accident. (from the news) Police have arrested two men in connection with the robbery. When we use the present perfect, there is a connection with now. The action in the past has a result now: 'Where's your key?' 'I don't know. I've lost it.' (=I don't have it now) He told me his name, but I've forgotten it. (= I can't remember it now) 'Is Sally here?' 'No, she's gone out.' (=she is out now) I can't find my bag. Have you seen it? (= Do you know where it is now?)
C	Note the difference between gone (to) and been (to): James is on holiday. He has gone to Italy. (= he is there now or on his way there) Jane is back home now. She has been to Italy. (=she has now come back)
D	You can use the present perfect with just, already and yet. just = a short time ago: 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I've just had lunch.' Hello. Have you just arrived? We use already to say that something happened sooner than expected: 'Don't forget to pay your electricity bill.' 'I've already paid it.' 'What time is Mark leaving?' 'He's already Left.' Yet = until now. Yet shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen. Use yet only in questions and negative sentences: Has it stopped raining yet? I've written the email, but I haven't sent it yet.
E	You can also use the past simple (did, went, had etc.) in the examples on this page. So you can say 'Is Sally here?' 'No, she went out.' or 'No, she's gone out.' 'Are you hungry?' 'No, I just had lunch.' or 'No, I've just had lunch.'

EXERCISES

7.1	arrive        break          fall            go up          grow            1mprove             lose 1 Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. Tom ____ has lost his key ____ 2 Lisa can't walk and her leg is in plaster. Lisa ___________________ 3 Last week the bus fare was £1 .80. Now it is £2. The bus fare ___________________ 4 Maria's English wasn't very good. Now it is better. Her English ___________________ 5 Dan didn't have a beard before. Now he has a beard. Dan ___________________ 6 This morning I was expecting a letter. Now I have it. The letter ___________________ 7 The temperature was 20 degrees. Now it is only 12. The ___________________
7.2	Put in been or gone. 1 James is on holiday. He's ___ gone ____to Italy. 2 Hello! I've just ______ to the shops. I've bought lots of things. 3 Alice isn't here at the moment. She's ___________ to the shop to get a newspaper. 4 Tom has ________________ out. He'll be back in about an hour. 5 'Are you going to the bank?' 'No, I've already _________________ to the bank.'
7.3	Complete B's sentences. Make sentences from the words in brackets. A B 1 Would you like something to eat? No, thanks. __ I’ve just had lunch ___. (I /just /have /lunch) 2 Do you know where Julia is? Yes, _______ (I /just /see /her) 3 What time is David leaving? ______________ (he/ already /leave) 4 What's in the newspaper today? I don't know. __________ (I /not /read /it yet) 5 Is Sue coming to the cinema with us? No, _______________________ (she /already  /see /the film) 6 Are your friends here yet? (they /just / arrive) ___________________ 7 What does Tim think about your plan? _____________ (we / not/ tell /him y et)
7.4	Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet. 1 After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says, 'Would you like something to eat?' You say: No thank you. . ___ I’ve just had lunch __. (have lunch) 2 Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings and the caller says, 'Can I speak to Joe?' You say: I'm afraid _____________________. (go out) 3 You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! ______________________ . (not /finish) 4 You plan to eat at a restaurant tonight. You phoned to reserve a table. Later your friend says, 'Shall I phone to reserve a table?' You say: No, _________________. (do it) 5 You know that a friend of yours is looking for a place to live. Perhaps she has been successful. Ask her. You say: ___________________________________ ? (find) 6 You are still thinking about where to go for your holiday. A friend asks, 'Where are you going for your holiday?' You say: __________________________ . (not /decide) 7 Linda went shopping, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks, 'Is Linda still out shopping?' You say: No, ___________________________ . (come back)

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