THE HEINEMANN TOEFL COURSE PRACTICE TEST 4 Structure and written expression PART 1

THE HEINEMANN TOEFL COURSE

PRACTICE TEST 4

Structure and written expression

PART 1

1	Copper tubing is the preferred choice of plumbers ------- noncorrosive.
	A	since it is because of it is insofar as
	B
	C
	D
2	------- "cultural diffusion" refers to the spread of customs or practices from one culture to another.
	A	To phrase Phrased To the phrase The phrase
	B
	C
	D
3	------- born, a baby kangaroo measures less than three inches in length.
	A	One is When is one Is one When it is
	B
	C
	D
4	------- daily promotes physical as well as emotional well-being in people of all ages.
	A	Having exercised Those who exercise Exercising For exercising
	B
	C
	D
5	The financial manager's job ------ among the many sources of finance for the best interest rates available.
	A	to shop around is to shop around it is is it to shop around is to shop around
	B
	C
	D
6	Spectrographs ------- possible for phoneticians to analyze the human voice and its speech qualities.
	A	make make it makes it are made
	B
	C
	D
7	Trace minerals are ------- are elements needed in greater quantities.
	A	as important to healthy human tissue as most important to healthy human tissue to healthy human tissue as important important to healthy human tissue
	B
	C
	D
8	Balinese cats, which are a cross between Siamese and long-haired cats, ------- medium length silky coats of fur.
	A	they have       have which have    having
	B
	C
	D
9	--- when a person doesn't eat enough fruit and vegetables.
	A	Depleting gradually, potassium can occur Gradual potassium depletion can occur Since potassium can gradually be depleted Since gradually depleting potassium can occur
	B
	C
	D
10	Anthropologist Guy Swenson ------- that witchcraft beliefs are prevalent in societies in which social groups interact without formal mechanisms for social control.
	A	he found found finding was found
	B
	C
	D
11	Declared an endangered species in the United States, -------.
	A	people have gathered the ginseng root almost to the point of  extinction the ginseng root has been gathered almost to the point of extinction the near extinction of the ginseng root is due to excessive gathering gathering the ginseng root almost to the point of extinction
	B
	C
	D
12	The sudden expansion of heated air associated with lightning produces ------- often heard during a storm.
	A	thunder is the rumbling sound the rumbling sound, thunder is the rumbling sound, thunder, that thunder, the rumbling sound
	B
	C
	D
13	Henry Ford revolutionized production management by------- into small steps on a moving line.
	A	breaking down auto assembly broken down auto assembly he broke down auto assembly auto assembly breaking down
	B
	C
	D
14	In carpentry, ------- "ceiling joists" refers to boards hung down from unfinished ceilings as the backbone from which finishing materials can be hung.
	A	to the term is termed the term to term
	B
	C
	D
15	------- the 35 years between the end of the Civil War and the turn of the century, the population of the United States doubled, and manufacturing production increased sevenfold.
	A	Into In At To
	B
	C
	D

ANSWER KEY

1. A   The adverb clause needs to be completed. A clause marker, subject, and verb are needed to do so. (B) contains a compound preposition, which cannot be followed by an adjective (in this case, noncorrosive). (C) contains a subject and a verb, but no clause marker. (D) contains a clause marker, but no subject or verb. 2. D   A noun subject is needed to come before the appositive cultural diffusion. (A) and (B) contain nonfinite verb forms which cannot be subjects in this sentence. (C) contains an unnecessary preposition (To) before the subject. 3. D   The adverb clause needs to be completed. A clause marker, subject, and verb are needed to do so. (A) contains a subject and verb, but no clause marker. (B) and (C) contain question word order,which is not needed. 4. C   A gerund subject is needed. (A) contains the -ing verb form, but it is being used as a participle, not a gerund. The subject of (B) is Those, which does not agree with the verb promotes. (D) contains an unnecessary preposition (for) before the gerund. 5. D   A verb followed by its complement is needed. (A) contains  incorrect word order. (B) and (C) contain  the unnecessary pronoun it. 6. B   A verb and direct object are needed. (A) contains a verb only. (C) contains a verb and object, but the verb does not agree with the subject Spectrographs. (D) contains a passive construction. 7. A   A correctly formed equative structure is needed.  (B) contains a superlative structure. Incorrect word order is used in (C). (D) includes no structures of comparison. 8. B   Only a finite verb is needed. (A) contains an unnecessary subject (they) before the verb. (C) contains an unnecessary clause marker (which} , before the verb. (D) contains a nonfinite verb form. 9. B   A subject and a verb are needed. (A) contains a subject, potassium, which does not fit the meaning of the sentence. (C) and (D) contain the unnecessary clause marker Since. 10. B   Only an active finite verb is needed. (A) contains both a subject and a verb. (C) contains a nonfinite verb. (D) contains a passive verb form. 11. B  A main clause is needed that has a subject that can be modified by the adjective phrase Declared an endangered species in the United States, in (A), people is the subject. It is not people who have been declared an endangered species, so (A) is incorrect. (C) and (D) also contain subjects (extinction) and (gathering) which cannot be endangered species. Only (B) contains a subject (ginseng root) which could be an endangered species. 12. D  A direct object followed by its appositive phrase is needed.(A) contains an entire main clause. (B) contains an unnecessary verb. (C) contains an unnecessary clause marker. 13. A   An appropriate object for the preposition by is needed. (B) contains a past participle, which cannot be the object of a preposition. (C) contains a main clause, which also cannot be the object of a preposition. (D) contains incorrect word order. The gerund in (A) can be the direct object of a preposition. 14. С   A subject is needed to be renamed by the appositive ceiling joists. (A) contains a prepositional phrase. (B) contains a passive verb form. (D) contains an infinitive, which cannot be renamed by the appositive. 15. В The correct preposition is needed to begin the prepositional phrase. The prepositions in (A), (C), and (D) are incorrect.