RECYCLING ADVANCED ENGLISH
UNIT 3
Modal verbs (3)
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Should/shouldn't and ought
to/oughtn't to are both used
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a
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to express the idea of duty
or strong advice. Should gives the speaker's subjective opinion,
whereas ought to is a little more forceful, based on objective considerations.
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b
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instead of would in
formal writing:
• I should be glad to
hear from you as soon as possible.
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c
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to convey an assumption:
• Jane should have
arrived at the office by now.
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d
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as a formal or literary
alternative to an if clause:
• Should the star be ill,
the concert will be cancelled.
to express a remote
possibility with an if clause:
• If they should ever ask
about it, tell them the truth.
and after in case:
• We'll hide, in case
they should see us.
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e
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to make a suggestion or a
request for advice:
• What should I wear to
the wedding?
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f
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after so that, in order
that, verbs like command, insist, suggest, and adjectives like
vital, essential, necessary, anxious, to show that something must
be done:
• I'm anxious that he
should feel at home.
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D Match the different uses of should
with the categories in the study box above.
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1
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Should there be any
difficulty, ring me at home.
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2
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Do you think I should put in
an application or not?
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3
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I took a book with me, in case
I should have to wait.
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4
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The irate customer insisted
that the manager should apologise.
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5
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By this time my brother should
be at the station.
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6
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You really should start
planning for your future.
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7
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If anyone should inquire,
kindly take their name and address.
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8
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It’s essential that this
should be kept in the strictest confidence.
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Could is used to
express general ability in the past:
• I could read when I was
three.
For an achievement on a
particular occasion in the past, was able to/managed to/succeeded
in are used instead: • How many letters were you able to write last
night?
Couldn't is used for
both general and particular ability.
Used to and would are
both used to talk about past habits. Used to is used for situations
and actions, whereas would only refers to repeated actions:
• I used to have a
guinea-pig when I was younger.
• Lisa would always eat
porridge for breakfast.
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ANSWER
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