ADDITION AND CONTRAST

 

ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE PRE INTERMEDIATE UNIT 93 ADDITION AND CONTRAST

 

A As well (as), what’s more, in addition (to), besides We often link ideas using and, e.g. The food’s nice and very good value. There are other words and phrases we also use to add more information. Sometimes we still include and or also. The restaurant has excellent food; it’s also very good value. You always get a good view, and the seats are comfortable as well. (syn too) As well as getting cheaper tickets, I also got the opportunity to buy them in advance. The clothes are nice, and what’s more, the shop is open every day of the week. The scheme gives young people experience. In addition, companies can afford to employ them. In addition to the new food department, they’re also planning to open a café. Besides being a mum with four children, she’s also a successful designer. B Although, despite, in spite of We use these link words when there are two ideas in a sentence, and the second is surprising or not expected. They can be used at the beginning or in the middle of the sentence. Although / Even though the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm. We found the place quite easily, although / even though we didn’t know where it was. They went for a walk despite the fact that it was raining. Despite having no money, he still seemed very happy. They got there on time in spite of the delay. In spite of all the problems, we still enjoyed the trip.   Language help   We can use still to emphasise that we didn’t expect something to happen or be true, e.g. He didn’t do any work but he still passed the exam; The work is very hard, but he still enjoys it. C However, yet, though We can use however and yet when the second part of an idea is surprising after the first part. However is often used to link ideas in two separate sentences. Though can be used in a similar way in spoken English, but usually comes at the end of the sentence. Notice the use of commas (,) here, and the different positions of however. I don’t agree with a lot of his methods. However, he is a very good teacher. We didn’t particularly like the house. The garden, however, was wonderful. It was warm and sunny when we were there. Most of the time, however, it’s quite cold. We went in the autumn, yet it was still quite warm. I didn’t like the film much. I’m glad I went to see it, though. They told us the shop was next to the station. We never found it, though. D While and whereas We can use while and whereas to compare two different facts or situations. Alex is very quick to understand, whereas/while the others are quite slow. I get £20 an hour, while Josh only gets £12. The speed limit on this road is 80kph, whereas it’s 130kph on the motorway. I was very keen on the film, whereas Christoph didn’t like it at all.   EXERCISES 93.1 Put the words into the correct column. in addition although in spite of as well however also what’s more despite   words that add more information words that introduce surprising information in addition         93.2 Choose the correct word(s) to complete the sentences. Sometimes both are correct. 1 Although / In spite of we left late, we still got there in time. 2 She’s going on holiday with friends. Her parents, however / whereas, are not very happy about it. 3 We decided to work in spite of / despite the fact we were on holiday. 4 They enjoyed the course, even though / as well it was very difficult. 5 I told John the car was too expensive. However / Although, he still bought it. 6 Most people tried to help us. They were very friendly too / as well. 7 Ethan spends his time in the library, while / whereas the others are always playing football. 8 It was a fantastic evening, although / despite the terrible food. 93.3 Combine parts from each column to form five short texts. 93.4 Complete the sentences. 1 People say the hotel is very good. It’s ____also_____ quite cheap. 2 ___________ the fact that they were busy, they ___________ helped us. 3 It’s not the best dictionary you can buy. ___________, it’s better than nothing. 4 She managed to get there, ___________ she didn’t have a map like the others. 5 ___________ heavy rain, they’ve also had very strong winds. 6 She’s the youngest in the group, and she’s better than most of them ___________. 7 I think you can do it. It won’t be easy, ___________. 8 I was right at the back at the concert, ___________ I could ___________ hear everything. 93.5 Complete the sentences in a suitable way. 1 Although it’s an old skirt, ________I still like it. (OR it still looks nice.)________________ 2 My parents get up at 7.30, whereas _______________________ 3 We enjoyed the holiday in spite of _______________________ 4 If you buy a season ticket, you can travel as often as you like. What’s more, _______________________. 5 The exam was very difficult. However, _______________________ 6 I understood what she was saying, although _______________________ 7 My uncle is nearly 70, but he still _______________________

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