Business law 4: Key expressions CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR LAW

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR LAW

Business law 4: Key expressions

Complete definitions 1 – 30 with the first part of an appropriate expression from the first box, and the second part from the second box. articles… burden… compulsory… confidential… data… employers'… employment… force… freezing… fundamental… grievance… intellectual… joint…(x2) limited… memorandum…(x2) obligation… out… power… pre-emption… terms… trade… unfair… unliquidated… winding… without… wrongful… unprofessional… …and conditions …and several …breach …clause …competition …conduct …damages …dismissal ...information ...injunction …liability (x3) …liquidation …majeure …mark …of association (x2) …of attorney …of court …of proof …of satisfaction …prejudice …of confidentiality …procedure …property …protection …tribuna …up …venture 1 An official power giving someone the right to act on someone else's behalf in legal matters is called __________. 2 The protecting of information about individuals stored in a computer from being copied or used wrongly is called __________. 3 __________ is a phrase spoken or written in a letter when attempting to negotiate a settlement which means that the negotiations cannot be referred to in court or relied upon by the other party if discussions fail. 4 A __________ is a business partnership where two or more companies join together as partners for a limited period. 5 __________ is an expression of French origin that is used for something which happens which is out of control of the parties who have signed a contract (for example, a war or a storm), and is also known as an act of God. 6 A __________ refers to the various steps an employee takes if he / she wants to complain about his / her employers. 7 __________ are the contents of a document which regulate the way in which a company's affairs (such as the appointment of directors or the rights of shareholders) are managed. 8 A section in a company's (number 7 above) which requires any shares offered for sale to be first offered to existing shareholders is known as a __________. 9 When a company is put into liquidation, this is often known as __________. 10 The legal responsibility of an employer when employees are subject to accidents due to negligence on the part of an employer is called __________. 11 The legal responsibility of one person for the actions of another person, especially the responsibility of an employer for acts committed by an employee in the course of work, is called __________. 12 A __________ company is a company where each shareholder is responsible for paying the company's debts only to the face value of the shares he / she owns. 13 A __________ is a legal document setting up a limited company and giving details of its aims, capital structure, and registered office. 14 A __________ is a document showing that a company has repaid a mortgage or charge. 15 A situation where two or more parties share a single legal responsibility, and each party is also liable for the whole claim, is called __________ liability. 16 When a dispute between two parties is settled before it gets to court, it is known as an __________ settlement. 17 When an overseas company (or an individual) cannot access its assets because a court order prevents it from doing so, this is known as a __________. 18 __________ are compensatory payments which are not for a fixed amount of money but are awarded by a court as a matter of discretion depending on the case. 19 The duty to prove that something which has been alleged in court is true is known as the __________. 20 Behaviour which is not suitable for a professional person and goes against the code of practice of a profession is called __________ 21 Facts which are secret and must not be passed on to other people are called __________. 22 A body responsible for hearing work-related complaints as specified by statute is called an __________. 23 An __________ is a legally-binding rule that is imposed on the recipient of private or secret information which states that the recipient should not pass the information on to someone else. 24 The name, design or other feature which identifies a commercial product, has been registered by the maker and cannot be used by other makers is called a 'registered __________'. 25 __________ is something such as a copyright, patent or design which someone has created or produced that no-one else can legally copy, use or sell. 26 The conditions which have to be carried out as part of a contract, or arrangements which have to be made before a contract is valid, are called __________. 27 The removal of someone from a job for a reason that cannot be justified, and which is in breach of contract, is called __________. 28 __________ is an attempt by one company to do better than another company by using methods such as importing foreign products at very low prices or by wrongly criticising a competitor's products. 29 A failure to carry out an essential or basic term of a contract is known as a __________. 30 __________ is when a court orders a company to close and its assets to be sold.

 

ANSWER KEY

Business law 4: Key expressions (pages 9 – 10) 1. power of attorney (other expressions with power include: power of advancement, power of appointment; power of search) 2. data protection 3. without prejudice 4. joint venture 5. force majeure 6. grievance procedure 7. articles of association (also called articles of incorporation. A partnership has articles of partnership) 8. pre-emption clause (the shareholders have pre-emption rights) 9. winding up 10. employers' liability 11. vicarious liability 12. limited liability 13. memorandum of association 14. memorandum of satisfaction (the plural of memorandum is memoranda) 15. joint and several 16. out of court (for example, a settlement was reached out of court) 17. freezing injunction (also called a freezing order, and previously known as a Mareva injunction) 18. Unliquidated damages 19. burden of proof (to discharge a burden of proof is the expression that is used when something that has been alleged in court is found to be true. When the prosecution must prove that what it alleges is true, we can say tthe burden of proof is on the prosecution) 20. unprofessional conduct (do not confuse this with unreasonable conduct, which is behaviour by a spouse which is not reasonable and shows that a marriage has broken down) 21. confidential information 22. employment tribunal (also called an industrial tribunal) 23. obligation of confidentiality 24. trade mark (sometimes written as one word, trademark. The action of trying to sell goods by giving the impression that they have beenmade by someone else, using that person's reputation and / or trade mark, is called passing off) 25. intellectual property 26. terms and conditions 27. wrongful dismissal (compare this with unfair dismissal, the act of removing someone from a job in a way that appears not to be reasonable, such as dismissing someone who wants to join a union) 28. unfair competition 29. fundamental breach 30. compulsory liquidationhat