Human rights 1 CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR LAW

CHECK YOUR ENGLISH VOCABULARY FOR LAW

Human rights 1

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was proclaimed and adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948. It details the rights of individual men and women to basic freedoms such as freedom of speech, freedom of religious worship, freedom from fear and hunger, etc. The Declaration has 30 sections, or articles. Exercise 1: Here are the first ten articles in their original form. Read through them, then match words in the articles with the dictionary definitions 1 – 27 below the box. The words are in the same order as the definitions. Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of freedom. Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment. Article 6: Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law. Article 7: All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. Article 8: Everyone has the right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him / her by the constitution or by law. Article 9: No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile. Article 10: Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his / her rights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him / her. 1 The same (adjective) The things that you should be allowed to have (noun) A feeling you have that you have done right or wrong (noun) To have the right to do or have something (verb) Difference (noun) 2 3 4 5 6 A group of people with distinct physical characteristics or culture (noun) Referring to government or party politics (adjective) Having the legal power over someone or something (adjective) The act of limiting something (noun) The situation of being free (noun) 7 8 9 10 11 The situation of being a person who belongs to someone and works for them without payment (noun) The situation of having to work very hard for someone, usually in poor conditions and with very little or no pay (noun) The buying and selling of people against their will (noun: 2 words) To say that something must not happen (verb) Hurting someone badly so that they are forced to give information (noun) 12 13 14 15 16 Causing fear, anguish and inferiority (adjective) The unfair treatment of someone because of their colour, class, religion, language, etc (noun) The act of breaking a rule (noun) The act of encouraging, persuading or advising someone to do something morally or legally wrong (noun) A court, often one which specialises in a particular area of law (noun) 17 18 19 20 21 Basic, essential (adjective) Laws and principles under which a country is governed (noun) Done at random, without reason (adjective) The act of keeping someone so that he / she cannot escape or enjoy freedom (noun) The punishment of being made to live in another country, or another part of a country (noun) 22 23 24 25 26 Not biased or prejudiced (adjective) Duty to do something (noun) 27 Exercise 2: Here are Articles 11 – 20 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In each article, there are between 2 and 5 spelling mistakes or wrong words. Identify and correct these words. Article 11: (1) Everyone charged with a penal offence has the right to be presumed inocent until proved guilty according to law in a public trail at which he / she has had all the guarantees necessary for his / her defense. (2) No one shall be held guilty of any penal offence on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a penal offence, under national or international law, at the time when it was comitted. Nor shall a heavier penaltey be imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offence was committed. Article 12: No one shall be subjected to arbitary interference with his / her privatecy, family home or correspondence, not to attacks upon his / her honour and reputeation. Everyone has the right to the projection of the law against such interference or attacks. Article 13: (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residents within the boarders of each estate. (2) Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his / her own, and to return to his / her country. Article 14: (1) Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries assylum from presecution. (2) This right may not be inboked in the case of prossecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from acts contrary to the purposes and principals of the United Nations. Article 15: (1) Everyone has the right to a nationality. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily depraved of his / her nationality nor denyed the right to change his / her nationality. Article 16: (1) Men and women of full age, without any limmitation due to race, nationality or religious, have the right to marry and to found a family. They are entitled to equal rights as to marriage, during marriage, and at its dissolluttion. (2) Marriage shall be entered into only with the free and full consend of the intending spouses. (3) The family is the natural and fondmental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and state. Article 17: (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone, as well as in asociattion with others. (2) No one shall be abitrarily deprived of his / her property. Article 18: Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, consience and religion: this right includes freedom to change his / her religion or believe, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his / her religion or belief in teaching, practise, warship and observance. Article 19: Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression: this right includes freedom to hold opinions without inteferance and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any media and regardless of frontears. Article 20: (1) Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful asembly and association. (2) No one shall be cambelled to belong to an association. Exercise 3: Here is a summary of articles 21 – 30. Using your own words and ideas, explain what you think each one means. You will find a more detailed explanation of each one in the answer key at the back of this book. Article 21: Free elections, and the right to participate in government. Article 22: Right to social security. Article 23: Right to desirable work and to join trade unions. Article 24: Right to rest and leisure. Article 25: Right to adequate living standards. Article 26: Right to education. Article 27:Right to participate in the cultural life of the community. Article 28: Right to peace and order. Article 29: Duty to preserve other people's rights and freedoms. Article 30: Freedom from interference in all of the above rights.

 

ANSWER KEY