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A
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Types of
graphics software
Computer
graphics are pictures created, changed or processed by computers. There are
two categories.
1.
Bitmapped graphics represent images as bitmaps;
they are stored as pixels and can become a bit distorted when they are
manipulated. The density of dots per inch, known as the resolution and
expressed in dots per inch, determines how sharp the image is.
2.
Vector graphics represent images as mathematical
formulae, so they can be changed or scaled without losing quality. They are
ideal for high-resolution output.
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There are different types of graphics
software:
·
Digital art, or computer art, is done with
applets that use mathematical formulae to create beautiful bright shapes
called fractals. A fractal is a geometrical figure with special properties,
e.g. the Koch snowflake or the Mandelbrot set. Fractals can also be used to
model real objects like clouds, coastlines or landscapes.
·
Computer animation uses graphics programs (e.g.
digital cartooning systems) to create or edit moving pictures. Each image
in a sequence of images is called a ‘frame’.
·
Geographic Information Systems (GIS) allow
cartographers to create detailed maps.
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EXERCISES
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14.1
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Read A opposite and decide which type of graphics software is best
for these users.
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1
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a person who wants to edit photos at home
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2
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an
economist who wants to present statistics in a form that can be easily
understood
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3
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engineers who need to design
the interior and exterior of a new aeroplane
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14.2
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Complete the
sentences with words from the box.
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wireframe
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bitmap
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fractals
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rendering
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filters
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clip-art
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1
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Painting programs work by giving a colour to
each pixel in an image, creating a __________. Unlike vector graphics,
the image is single layer, so once something is painted, it becomes part
of the whole picture.
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2
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In painting
programs and image editors, __________ are special effects that can be
applied to a picture, including drop shadows, textures, distortions, etc.
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3
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The __________ model is the
simplest interpretation of a true three-dimensional object. Here the
object is represented by its edges and contours and is therefore similar
in form to a normal engineering drawing or sketch.
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14.3
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Look at the Windows Paint toolbox opposite and
find the tools that match these definitions.
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1
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This is like a magnifying glass which changes
your view of a drawing.
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2
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This brush
lets you paint in different shapes and patterns.
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3
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This is used to draw curves in
different thickness.
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♥
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