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A
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Pipes, ducts and hoses
Pipes are rigid tubes, made from materials such
as steel and plastic. They carry fluids (liquids or gases). Pipes can be
fitted together with different pipe fittings (see Appendix IX). Assemblies of
pipes are often referred to as pipework.
Mains are underground pipes for water and
natural gas. Water mains and gas mains run beneath the streets of cities to
supply buildings.
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APPENDIX IX
PIPE AND HOSE FITTINGS AND VALVES
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B
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Tanks
A tank is a
container for liquid or gas. It may be watertight (will not leak water) and
open at the top. It may also be enclosed and airtight (will not leak gas),
and may contain gas that is under pressure.
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C
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Pumps, fans
and turbines
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Liquids can
be forced to flow (move) along pipes by mechanical devices called pumps. For
example, in cars, fuel is pumped from the fuel tank to the engine by a
fuel pump. The flow of fluids can be controlled by valves (see appendix
IX). A pump is used to increase the pressure of gas is called a
compressor.
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EXERCISES
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37.1
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Complete the emails about the design of a new manufacturing plant
using words from A opposite.
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Air temperature will be high
in this area, due to the presence of four large-diameter steel steam
(1)____________ running along the ceiling. This opens up the possibility
of extracting hot air and transferring it, via (2)____________, to other
areas of the plant, for heating use.
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37.2
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One sentence
in each pair is false. Choose the true sentence. Look at A and B opposite
in Appendix IX to help you.
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1. a. All gas cylinders are
pressure vessels.
b. All pressure vessels are gas
cylinders.
2. a. Elbows are types of
pipe or hose fitting.
b. Pipe or hose fittings are types of
elbow.
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37.3
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Change one word in each of the
sentences below to make them correct. Look at C opposite and appendix IX to
help you.
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1. A fan is designed to be
driven by a flow of air or gas.
2. A pump used to increase the
pressure in a vessel called a turbine
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