UNIT 95. Relative clauses 4; extra information clauses (1) ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

UNIT 95. Relative clauses 4; extra information clauses (1)

A	There are two types of relative clause. In these examples, the relative clauses are underlined. Compare: Type 1 Type 2 √ The woman who lives next door is a doctor. √ Grace works for a company that makes furniture. √ We stayed at the hotel (that) you recommended. In these examples, the relative clauses tell you which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means: √ 'The woman who lives next door' tells us which woman. √ 'A company that makes furniture' tells us what kind of company. √ 'The hotel (that) you recommended' tells us which hotel We do not use commas (,) with these clauses: √ We know a lot of people who live in London. √ My brother Ben, who lives in Hong Kong, is an architect. √ Anna t old me about her new job, which she's enjoying a lot. √ We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours recommended. In these examples, the relative clauses do not tell you which person or thing the speaker means. We already know which thing or person is meant: 'My brother Ben', 'Anna's new job' and 'the Park Hotel'. The relative clauses in these sentences give us extra information about the person or thing. We use commas (,) with these clauses: √ My brother Ben, who lives in Hong Kong, is an architect.
B	In both types of relative clause we use who for people and which for things. But: Type 1 Type 2 You can use that: √ Do you know anyone who/that speaks French and Italian? √ Grace works for a company which/that makes furniture. You can leave out who/which/that when it is the object (see Unit 93): √ We stayed at the hotel (that/which) you recommended. √ This morning I met somebody (who/ that) I hadn't seen for ages. We do not often use whom in this type of clause (see Unit 94B). You cannot use that: √ John, who (not that) speaks French and Italian, works as a tour guide. √ Anna told me about her new job, which (not that) she's enjoying a lot. You cannot leave out who or which: √ We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours recommended. √ This morning I met Chris, who I hadn't seen for ages. You can use whom for people (when it is the object): √ This morning I met Chris, whom I hadn't seen for ages.
C	In both types of relative clause you can use whose and where: √ We met some people whose car had broken down √ What's the name of the place where you went on holiday? √ Lisa, whose car had broken down, was in a very bad mood √ Kate has just been to Sweden, where her daughter lives.

EXERCISES

95.1	Make one sentence from two. Use the sentence in brackets to make a relative clause (Type 2). You will need to use who(m)/whose/which/where 1 Catherine is very friendly. (She lives next door.) _____Catherine, who lives next door, is very friendly._________________________ 2 We stayed at the Park Hotel. (A friend of ours recommended it.) ____ We stayed at the Park Hotel, which a friend of ours recommended. _______________ 3 We often go to visit our friends in Cambridge. It is not far from London.) We often go to visit our friends in Cambridge ____________________________________. 4 I went to see the doctor. (She told me I needed to change my diet.) I went to see ____________________________________. 5 Steven is one of my closest friends. (I have known him for a very long time.) Steven ____________________________________. 6 Lisa is away from home a lot. (Her job involves a lot of travelling.) Lisa ____________________________________. 7 The new stadium will be finished next month. (It can hold 90,000 people.) ____________________________________. 8 Alaska is the largest state in the USA. (My brother lives there.) ____________________________________. 9 Our teacher was very kind. (I have forgotten her name.) ____________________________________.
95.2	Read the information and complete each sentence. Use a relative clause of Type 1 or Type 2. Use commas where necessary. 1 There's a woman living next door to me. She's a doctor. The woman ____who lives next door to me is a doctor. ______________________ 2 I've got a brother called Ben. He lives in Hong Kong. He's an architect. My brother _____ Ben, who lives in Hong Kong, is an architect. _________________ 3 There was a strike at the factory. It began ten days ago. It is now over. The strike at the factory _________________________________________________________ 4 I was looking for a book this morning. I've found it now. I've found _________________________________________________________ 5 I've had my car for 15 years. It has never broken down. My car _________________________________________________________ 6 A job was advertised. A lot of people applied for it. Few of them had the necessary qualifications. Few of _________________________________________________________ 7 Amy has a son. She showed me a picture of him. He's a police officer. Amy showed me _________________________________________________________
95.3	Some of these sentences are wrong. Correct them and put in commas where necessary. If the sentence is correct, write 'OK'. 1 Anna told me about her~ she's enjoying very much. _____ Anna told me about her new job, which she’s enjoying very much. _________________ 2 My office that is on the second floor is very small. ___________________________________________________________________________ 3 The office I'm using at the moment is very small. ___________________________________________________________________________ 4 Mark's father that used to be in the army now works for a TV company. ___________________________________________________________________________ 5 The doctor that examined me couldn't find anything wrong. ___________________________________________________________________________ 6 The sun that is one of millions of stars in the universe provides us with heat and light. ___________________________________________________________________________

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