ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE
UNIT 97. –ing and –ed clauses ( the woman talking to
Tom,
The boy injured in the accident)
A
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A clause is a part of a sentence.
Some clauses begin with -ing
or -ed. For example:
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B
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We use -ing clauses to say what somebody (or something) is (or
was) doing at a particular time:
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√
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Do you know the woman talking to Tom? (the woman is talking to Tom)
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√
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Police investigating the crime are looking for three men.
(police are investigating
the crime)
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√
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Who were those people waiting outside? (they were waiting)
I was woken up by a bell ringing. (a bell was ringing)
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√
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You can also use an -ing clause to say what happens
all the time, not just at a particular time. For example:
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The road connecting the two villages is very narrow. (the road connects the two villages)
I have a large room overlooking the garden.
(the room overlooks the
garden)
Can you think of the name of a
flower beginning with T?
(the name begins with T)
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√
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√
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C
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-ed clauses have
a passive meaning:
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√
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The boy injured in the accident was taken to hospital.
(he was injured in the accident)
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√
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George showed me some pictures
painted by his father.
(they had been painted by his father)
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Injured and invited are past participles.
Note that many past participles are irregular and do not end in -ed (stolen/made/written etc.):
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√
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The police never found the
money stolen in the robbery.
Most of the goods made in this factory are
exported.
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√
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You can use left in this way, with the
meaning 'not used, still there':
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√
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We've eaten nearly all the
chocolates. There are only a few left.
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D
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We often use -ing and -ed clauses after there
is /there was etc. :
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√
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There
were
some children swimming in
the river.
Is
there
anybody waiting?
There
was
a big red car parked
outside the house.
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√
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√
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EXERCISES
97.1
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Make one sentence from two. Complete
the sentences with an -ing
clause.
1
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A bell was ringing. I was
woken up by it.
I was woken up by _____a bell ringing. _____________
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2
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A man was sitting next to me
on the plane. I didn't talk much to him.
I didn't talk much to the _____________________________________.
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3
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A taxi was taking us to the
airport. It broke down.
The broke down _____________________________________
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4
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There's a path at the end of
this street. The path leads to the river.
At the end of the street
there's a _____________________________________
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5
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A factory has just opened in
the town. It employs 500 people.
A _____________________________________
has just opened in the town.
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6
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The company sent me a
brochure. It contained the information I needed.
The company sent me _____________________________________
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97.2
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Make one sentence from two, beginning
as shown. Each time make an -ed
clause.
1
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A boy was injured in the
accident. He was taken to hospital.
The boy _____ injured in the accident_______ was
taken to hospital.
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2
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A gate was damaged in the
storm. It has now been repaired.
The gate ________________________
has now been repaired.
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3
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A number of suggestions were
made at the meeting. Most of them were not very practical.
Most of the ________________________
were not very practical.
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4
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Some paintings were stolen
from the museum. They haven't been found yet.
The ________________________ haven't
been found yet.
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5
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A man was arrested by the
police. What's his name?
What's the name of________________________
?
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97.3
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Complete the sentences using the
following verbs in the correct form:
blow
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call
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invite
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live
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offer
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read
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ring
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sit
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study
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work
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1
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I was woken up by a bell _____ ringing.______
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2
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Some of the people _____ invited ____ to the party can't
come.
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3
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Life must be very unpleasant
for people ______________ near busy airports.
A few days after the
interview, I received an email ______________ me the job.
Somebody______________ jack
phoned while you were out.
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4
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5
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6
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There was a tree ______________
down in the storm last night.
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7
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The waiting room was empty
except for a young man ______________ by the window______________ a
magazine.
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8
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Ian has a brother ______________
in a bank in London and a sister ______________ economics at university in
Manchester.
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97.4
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Use the words
in brackets to make sentences using There
is /There was etc.
1
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That house is empty. (nobody /live
/in it) _____ There’s nobody living
in it. __________________
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2
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The accident wasn’t serious.
(nobody /injure) _____There was
nobody injured. __________
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3
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I can hear footsteps.
(somebody /come)
There
__________________________________________________________
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4
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The train was full. (a lot of
people /travel)
__________________________________________________________
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5
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We were the only guests at the
hotel. (nobody else /stay there)
__________________________________________________________
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6
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The piece of paper was blank.
(nothing /write /on it)
__________________________________________________________
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7
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The college offers English
courses in the evening. (a course /begin /next Monday)
__________________________________________________________
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