CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
UNIT 58
Energy: from fossil fuels to windmills
A
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Fossil
fuels
Fossil fuels are sources of energy which were formed underground from
plant and animal remains millions of years ago.
Several new oil wells1
were constructed in the desert last year.
Off shore2 drilling
platforms explore the ocean bed for oil and gas.
Older, coal-fired3 power
stations generally cause high levels of pollution.
The coal mines4 in
the north of the country are no longer profitable.
A new gas pipeline5
was built to bring cheaper energy to the capital city.
1
hole made in the ground for the removal of oil
2
away from or at a distance from the coast
3
using coal as a fuel
4
deep hole or system of holes under the ground from which coal is removed
5
very large tube through which liquid or gas can flow for long distances
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B
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Renewable energy
Renewable
energy is energy that can be produced again
as quickly as it is used.
1 on the land (opp. = off shore)
2 group of wind turbines that are used for producing
electricity
3 devices that change energy from the sun into electricity
4 producing electricity by the force of fast-moving water
such as rivers or waterfalls
5 dead plant and animal material suitable for using as fuel
6 using the force of the sea tide to produce energy
7 using the force of waves in the sea to produce energy
8 note that renewable can also be used as a
countable noun
9 using the power produced when the nucleus of an atom is
divided or joined to another nucleus
10 using the heat inside the earth
Common
mistakes
Take
care with the spelling of energy (NOT energie or energi).
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C
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Using energy
What
can ordinary citizens do to reduce energy consumption1?
Some
simple things include using fewer power-hungry2 appliances3
around the home, monitoring4 your use of electricity and consuming5
less energy by switching off unnecessary lights and entertainment systems
that use power while on standby. Is your car a gas-guzzler6?
Think about changing to a more energy-efficient7 model.
Think more about food miles8 and buy local products,
so that fuel consumption in the transporting of goods is reduced. We can also
reduce our carbon footprint9 by planning travel more
carefully and cutting out unnecessary journeys. Remember, the world’s coal,
oil and gas deposits10 are finite11; one
day they will run out, so think now about what you can do to consume less.
1 how much is used of something
2 using a great amount of energy
3 equipment, especially electrical equipment, used in the
home, e.g. washing machines, fridges
4 regularly watching and checking something over a period
of time
5 using (e.g. energy, time), especially in large amounts
6 one that uses a lot of fuel; informal
7 using only a little electricity, gas, etc.
8 distance food is transported from where it is produced to
when it reaches the consumer
9 measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that your
activities create
10 layer formed under the ground, especially over a very
long period
11 having an end or lasting a limited time
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EXERCISES
58.1
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Choose
words from the box to write labels for these pictures.
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58.2
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Rewrite
the underlined parts of the sentences using words from A and B opposite. Make
any other changes necessary.
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58.3
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Complete
the sentences with words from C opposite.
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58.4
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Over to you
Write
a short composition of about 75–100 words on the present and future energy
sources your country uses now and is likely to develop in the future. Use
words and expressions from this unit.
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ANSWER KEY
58.1
1 pipeline
2 offshore drilling platform
3 solar panels
4 coal mine
5 wind farm
58.2
1 A new 100-kilometre pipeline has
been built to bring oil from wells in the north of the country to
a refinery on the coast. 2 The power station is coal-fired, but it will soon be replaced by a nuclear plant. 3 Fire has broken out on an offshore drilling platform. 4 Tidal power or wave power could solve the energy problems of countries with extensive coastlines. Other parts of the world may be able to use geothermal energy. 5 ‘Renewables are important,’ the Prime Minister said. ‘We intend to give grants for people to install solar panels, as well as developing wind farms.’ 6 The country is developing two main energy sources: biomass and hydroelectric power stations. At the same time, inefficient coal mines will gradually be closed.
58.3
1 food miles
2 appliances, energy-efficient
3 carbon footprint
4 gas-guzzler, consumption
5 monitoring, consume
6 finite, deposits
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