CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
UNIT 44
War and peace
A
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War
and violence
1
something you do when everything else has failed
2
activities concerning the relationships between governments
3
official orders, such as the stopping of trade, taken against a country to
make it obey international law
4
weapons in general / of different types
5
people injured or killed who are not members of the military or the police
6
intentionally becoming involved in a difficult situation to improve it or
stop it from getting worse
7
changing the government or leader of a country, especially by force
8
using power in a cruel way over people in a country or group
9
remove somebody from power using force
10 war between groups who live in the same country
11 disagreement or fighting between groups
12 fights or arguments
13 who compete against one another
14 national or racial
15 become greater or more serious
16 complete and total
17 violent and cruel ending of the right or freedom to do
something
18 organised attempt by one racial or political group to
completely remove from a country or area anyone who belongs to another
particular racial group, using violence to achieve this
19 the killing of large numbers of people
20 finding a way to end conflict and the negative feelings
between groups
21 lack or absence of trust
22 feeling of intense dislike
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B
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Other words and expressions relating
to war and peace
Powerful
West African rulers waged war on their neighbours in the 19th century.
[fought a war against] Hostilities finally ceased after five years of
bloodshed. [acts of war]
The
invading army besieged the city. [attacked by surrounding it for a
period of time (noun = siege)]
The
patrol was ambushed on a remote highway. [attacked unexpectedly from
secret positions
(noun = ambush)]
The
two armies signed a truce in 2016. [agreement during a war to stop
fighting for a time]
A
ceasefire was declared in 2015. [agreement between two armies or
groups to stop fighting]
A
peacekeeping force entered the country in 2016. [neutral soldiers who
keep the peace in a divided society]
International
observers monitored the ceasefire. [outside,
neutral people or body]
The
rebels fought a long campaign against the dictatorship. The rebellion
lasted ten years before the dictator was defeated. [planned group of
military activities] [people fighting against their government]
A
suicide bomber killed 25 people at a military base yesterday. [person
who lets off explosives, deliberately killing themselves in the process]
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C
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Metaphors of warfare
The
government is waging war on drink-driving.
Paparazzi
are besieging the star’s Hollywood home.
A
major advertising campaign was planned to launch the new cosmetics
range.
Several
companies are battling to win market supremacy in sales of
smartphones.
We
have a major fight on our hands if we are to save the company from
bankruptcy.
A
fleet of bullet-proof cars followed the President’s limousine. [a fleet
normally consists of a large number of ships]
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EXERCISES
44.1
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Fill
the gaps with words from A opposite.
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44.2
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Replace
the underlined words using an appropriate form of the word in brackets.
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44.3
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Choose
a word from the box to complete the sentences below, using an appropriate
form.
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44.4
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Match
the sentence beginnings on the left with the endings on the right.
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ANSWER KEY
44.1
1 diplomacy, sanctions
2 escalated, out
3 cleansing
4 massacre
5 regime, overthrown
6 resolution
7 resort
8 casualties
9 clashes
10 weaponry
44.2
1 Irrational
hatred of people of other ethnic groups is one of the root causes of
conflict.
2 The intervention of the United Nations in the situation helped
to restore peace.
3 The rival political groups finally negotiated a peace
agreement.
4 The general was a brutal dictator who ruled for
18 years.
5 There had been a longstanding mistrust between the two
tribes.
6 The rebellion began in 2010.
44.3
1 suicide
2 peacekeeping
3 ambushed
4 observers
5 waged
6 siege
7 truce / ceasefire
8 campaign
44.4
1 d 2 e 3 f 4 a 5 b 6 c
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