International politics CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

UNIT 41

International politics

A	United Nations The UN is an international organisation constituted1 in 1945 to make the world a better place for humanity2. From its foundation3, it has pursued4 these key aims: • To keep peace throughout the world. • To establish5 friendly relations between countries. • To work together to improve people’s lives by conquering6 poverty, disease, illiteracy7 and environmental destruction, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms. • To be a centre for supporting nations in achieving these goals. In other words, the UN stresses the importance of negotiation8 when there are disagreements between countries. It is opposed to injustice9 and upholds10 the rights of minorities11 but it will only support military intervention12 if its Security Council agrees that this is justified13. 1 formed (used about an official organisation) 2 all people 3 time when it was established [founded] 4 try to achieve (pursue with this meaning collocates with words like aim, goal, career, strategy) 5 set up, put in place 6 beating, getting rid of 7 inability to read or write 8 discussions in an attempt to reach an agreement 9 unfairness 10 supports 11 groups of people who differ racially or in some other way from most of the people in the place where they live (minority collocates with adjectives like ethnic, religious, oppressed) 12 involvement in a difficult situation in order to improve it 13 caused by a good reason
B	Political movements A political movement is a group of people with the same beliefs who work together in the attempt to achieve something. They oft en make use of a slogan, a short phrase that catches people’s attention and is easy to remember. The aim of a political movement might be the liberation of a minority, perhaps, or the integration of one particular social group into the society from which it is, or feels itself to be, excluded. Members of a political movement sometimes go on a march, a walk where they can demonstrate their solidarity with others sharing the same attitudes and aims.
C	International conferences NEWS A major international conference is currently meeting in Rio. Delegates1 from 60 different countries are attending. Their aim is to determine ways in which each country can minimise the energy requirements of its infrastructure2, with a view to slowing the rate of global warming. The governments of each country recognise3 the importance of these discussions and have undertaken4 to support any programme of measures agreed on by the conference. Although some of the issues under discussion are undeniably5 delicate6, the conference has so far shown more unity7 than is customary8 at such gatherings. 1 representatives 2 basic systems and services such as transport 3 accept 4 promise 5 certainly 6 needing to be handled with great skill 7 being together as one 8 usual

EXERCISES

42.1	Choose a word from the box to complete each sentence. Pursue humanity justify conquer negotiations injustice establish minorities 1 The organisation’s aim is to ___________________ illiteracy throughout the continent. 2 There is still too ___________________ much in the world today. 3 The rights of ethnic ___________________ are sometimes neglected by national governments. 4 The government wants to ___________________ a committee to work on reducing poverty. 5 It is hoped that the current ___________________ will lead to a positive outcome. 6 The best hope for all of ___________________ is that nations should get better at respecting each other. 7 It is impossible to ___________________ the use of force in such a situation. 8 Lesley is determined to ___________________ her goal of becoming a barrister.
42.2	Complete the word formation table. There are two nouns for five of the verbs. verb noun constitute foundation undertake negotiation justify conquest liberation unity delegate recognise
42.3	Choose the correct word to complete each sentence. 1 Are you planning to go on the protest ___________ tomorrow? A slogan B march C unity D movement 2 It’s quite a ________________ subject, so take care how you bring it up. A customary B deniable C delicate D justified 3 The country’s economy can only develop once it has a good ________________. A humanity B liberation C solidarity D infrastructure 4 The party ________________ not to reduce spending on international aid. A integrated B undertook C conquered D recognised 5 It is now nearly 100 years since the ____________ of the organisation A foundation B negotiation C infrastructure D movement 6 Chris is going to the conference as our ________________. A humanity B solidarity C slogan D delegate
42.4	Complete each sentence with a word from the same root as the word in brackets. 1 It is ___________________ true that the project is likely to meet with some opposition. (deny) 2 Is it ___________________ in your country to take a gift if you visit someone’s house? (custom) 3 It is wrong that there is still so much ___________________ in the world. (just) 4 The workers expressed their ___________________ by organising a huge demonstration. (solid) 5 Left-wing political ___________________ were particularly powerful in the early 20th century. (move) 6 On the whole this society is very well ___________________. (integrate)

ANSWER KEY

42.1 1 conquer            5 negotiations 2 injustice           6 humanity 3 minorities        7 justify 4 establish          8 pursue 42.2 42.3 1 B march 2 C delicate 3 D infrastructure 4 B undertook 5 A foundation 6 D delegate 42.4 1 undeniably 2 customary 3 injustice 4 solidarity 5 movements 6 integrated