CRAMMING FOR SUCCESS: STUDY AND ACADEMIC WORK CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

UNIT 1

CRAMMING FOR SUCCESS: STUDY AND ACADEMIC WORK

A	Study and exams Before an exam, some students cram1 for it. Even if you’re a genius2, you’ll have to do some revision. If the exam happens every year, you can revise by looking at past papers3. Some things can be memorised or learnt (off ) by heart. But rote-learning4 is not sufficient for most subjects. It is also possible to use mnemonics5. However, all things considered, the best idea is to bury yourself in your books6 and to study intensively7 until you know the subject inside out8 1 study in a very concentrated way for a short time 2 an exceptionally clever person 3 exam papers from previous years 4 learning purely by repetition 5 /niˈmɒnɪks/ tricks that help you remember something, for example: ‘i’ before ‘e’ except aft er ‘c’ is a mnemonic for English spelling (e.g. friend, but receive) 6 spend the maximum time studying 7 in a very focused way 8 know it completely
B	Academic writing composition could be just 50–100 words, oft en used for school work essay longer than a composition, more serious, hundreds or thousands of words assignment a long essay, oft en part of a course, usually thousands of words project like an assignment, but emphasis on student’s own material and topic portfolio a collection of individual pieces of work; may include drawings and other examples of creative work as well as writing dissertation a long, research-based work, perhaps 10–15,000 words, for a degree or diploma thesis a very long, original, research-based work, perhaps 80–100,000 words, for a higher degree (e.g. PhD) It’s a good idea to start with a mind map1 when preparing an essay. Always write a first draft2 before writing up the final version. Your essay should be all your own work; plagiarism3 is a very serious offence in colleges and universities. It is an increasing problem because it is so easy to cut and paste from materials available on the internet, and students have to sign a plagiarism form to say that the work they are handing in is all their own and that they acknowledge4 any sources they have used. There is usually a deadline5. After the essay is submitted6, it will be assessed7 and usually you can get feedback8. 1 diagram that lays out ideas for a topic and how they are connected to one another 2 first, rough version 3/ˈpleɪdʒəˌrɪz(ə)m/ using other people’s work as if it was yours 4 give details of 5 date by which you must hand in the work 6 handed in; formal 7 evaluated and given a grade 8 comments from the teacher/tutor
C	Aspects of higher academic study 1 less formal is do research 2 magazines with academic articles (we do not use the word magazine to talk about this kind of academic publication) 3 get hold of (it) on the internet 4 system where libraries exchange books/journals with one another 5 online materials that can be freely used by teachers and students anywhere  6 leave the course before the end 7 last exams before the end of a college or university course  8 with the right formal qualifications

EXERCISES

1.1	Correct the wrong usage of words to do with written work in these sentences. 1 His PhD assignment was 90,000 words long and was on the history of US place names. 2 Little Martha did her first dissertation in school today. It was called ‘My family’. 3 We have to hand in an essay at the end of the course. It can consist of up to five different pieces of work. 4 The teacher gave us the title of this week’s project today. We have to write 1,000 words on the topic of ‘If I ruled the world’ and hand it in next Monday. 5 At the end of this course, you have to do a 5,000-word thesis which will be assessed, and the grade will contribute to your final degree. 6 I think I’ll do a study of people’s personal banking habits for my MSc composition. It has to be about 12,000 words. 7 I’ve chosen to do the portfolio instead of the two exams, because I like to do one single piece of work where I can research something that interests me personally.
1.2	Rewrite this text using words and phrases from the opposite page instead of the underlined words. When I’m studying in a very focused way because I’m preparing hard for an exam, I don’t see any point in looking up exam papers from previous years, nor is there any point in just learning things by memory. I know some people develop very clever memory tricks to help them remember the material, but there’s no real substitute for rereading and going over the term’s work. It’s a good idea to have some sort of diagram showing different ideas to organise your thoughts, and memory-learning is useful, but in a limited way. At the end of the day, you just have to read a huge amount until you feel you know the subject 100%.
1.3	Answer these questions. 1 What do we call the first attempt at writing something, e.g. an essay? 2 What word means ‘the date by which you must do something’? 3 What word means ‘using someone else’s ideas as if they were yours’? 4 What are more formal words for ‘to hand in’ and for ‘to mark’? 5 What phrasal verb do we use when someone doesn’t complete their course? 6 What is another word for an academic article? Where can you read them? 7 What is the name of the system for getting books from other libraries? 8 What word means ‘the comments you get back from the teacher about your work’? 9 What word can you use for a person who is extraordinarily intelligent? 10 What is a more formal way of saying ‘do research’?
1.4	Choose the best word from the opposite page to complete these sentences. 1 If you quote an article in an essay, you must ________ your source, giving details of author and title. 2 Open educational ________ can be particularly useful for students who do not have easy access to a university library. 3 How much ________ have you done for tomorrow’s maths exam? 4 Don’t forget to sign the ________   form and hand it in with your dissertation. 5 Some people take a long time to find suitable work even though they are very ________. 6 Orla has had a ________ published in the British Medical Journal. 7 All students need a username and password to be able to ________ journals online. 8 Caspar is bound to do well in his mechanics exam – he knows the subject ________ out.

ANSWER KEY

1.1 1 His PhD thesis … 2 Little Martha did her first composition … 3 We have to hand in a portfolio … 4 The teacher gave us the title of this week’s essay … 5 At the end of this course you have to do a 5,000-word assignment … 6 I think I’ll do a study of people’s personal banking habits for my MSc dissertation … 7 I’ve chosen to do the project … 1.2 When I’m studying intensively because I’m cramming for an exam, I don’t see any point in looking up past papers, nor is there any point in just learning things (off) by heart. I know some people develop very clever mnemonics to help them remember the material, but there’s no real substitute for revising the term’s work. It’s a good idea to have some sort of mind map to organise your thoughts, and rote-learning / memorising is useful, but in a limited way. At the end of the day, you just have to bury yourself in your books until you feel you know the subject inside out. 1.3 1 a first draft 2 a deadline 3 plagiarism 4 submit; assess 5 drop out 6 a paper; in (academic) journals 7 inter-library loan 8 feedback 9 a genius 10 carry out research 1.4 1 acknowledge 2 resources 3 revision 4 plagiarism 5 well-qualified 6 paper 7 access 8 inside