CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
UNIT 2
Education: debates and issues
A
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Opportunity
and equality
1 when everyone has the same chances
2 pupils are chosen for entry, usually
for academic reasons, though, in the case of some private schools, parents’ ability
to pay school fees may be a factor in selection
3 everyone enters without exams and
education is free, paid for by the government
4 education received at school
5 when you favour a small, privileged
group
6 existing as a basic part of
something
7 lists of schools or colleges, from
the best down to the worst, based on exam results and, sometimes, other
criteria
8 make something continue
9 a system with two separate levels,
one of which is better than the other
10 sees, considers
11 richer
12 receiving a lot of money in grants,
gifts from rich people, etc. [= endowments]
13 reducing
14 poorer
15 achieve an excellent standard
16 money given to pay for studies,
usually provided on the basis of academic merit
17 money given to pay for studies,
usually provided on the basis of need
18 education at university or college
level
19 money that students can borrow from
a bank while studying and then pay back once they are in work
20 students doing a first degree
[postgraduates = students doing a further degree]
21 money paid to receive teaching
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B
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Other
debates and issues
Some people think we should return to
an emphasis on the three Rs, the traditional, basic skills. [reading, writing
and arithmetic] Literacy and numeracy are skills no one can
afford to be without. [the ability to read] [the ability to count / do basic
maths] Curriculum reform is often done for political reasons rather
than for good educational ones. [changes to what is covered in the national syllabus
= plan of what is to be studied]
Nowadays, lifelong/continuing
education is an issue, and creating opportunities for mature students
is important. [education for all ages] [adult students older than the average
student] Special needs education is expensive because class sizes need
to be small or one-to-one. [education for children who cannot learn in
the normal way, because they have some disability] [one teacher and one
pupil, not a group]
Children are unhappy at school if
there is a lot of bullying. [threatening behaviour] Some headteachers complain
that getting to grips with constant new government guidelines on what
schools should be doing is a distraction from what they ought to be
focusing on. [advice (often official) on how something should be done] [takes
attention away]
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EXERCISES
2.1
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Complete
the collocations by filling in the missing words according to the meaning
given
in brackets.
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2.2
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Rewrite these
sentences so they are more formal by using words and phrases from the
opposite page instead of the underlined words. Make any other changes that are
necessary.
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2.3
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Correct
these statements about words or expressions from the opposite page. Correct each
of them twice – once by changing the definition and once by changing the word
being defined.
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2.4
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Complete each
sentence with a word from the opposite page.
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ANSWER KEY
2.1
1
league tables
2 selective education 3 equality of opportunity 4 perpetuate inequalities 5 tertiary education
2.2
1
Inequality is inherent in the education system.
2 Elitism is bad for the country in the long term. 3 Comprehensive education is a basic political ideal in many countries. 4 A two-tier system of schools depresses the opportunities for children from less well-off families and favours those from better-off families. 5 Some private schools are well-endowed / have endowments, and this means they can have better resources. 6 All parents want their children to excel at school. 7 Emphasis on the three Rs is perceived by parents to be the key to success. 8 The government is increasing its provision for tertiary education.
2.3
2
Literacy refers to the ability to read.
Numeracy refers to the ability to count and do maths.
3
A student who is doing a doctorate is a postgraduate.
A student who is doing a first degree is an undergraduate.
4
Bullying is when a pupil uses frightening or threatening behaviour towards
another child who is
smaller or less powerful in some way. Excelling is when a student does exceptionally well.
5
Secondary education is the stage that follows primary education.
Tertiary education is the stage that follows secondary education.
6
Selective schools choose the best students to study there.
Comprehensive schools take all students regardless of their academic ability.
7
League tables list schools from good to bad according to their exam results.
Guidelines offer advice on how to do something.
2.4
1
scholarship
2 distraction 3 guidelines 4 mature 5 fees 6 loan 7 three 8 one-to-one |
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