On the road: traffic and driving CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

UNIT 25

On the road: traffic and driving

 

A	Driving and traffic regulations   In the UK, you must give way1 at a give-way sign and at a roundabout, where traffic coming from the right has the right of way2. You must give way to pedestrians at a pedestrian crossing3. In some countries, sounding/beeping4 your horn is prohibited, except in emergencies. In most countries, jumping5 a red light is a serious offence, as is reckless6 driving. In many parts of the world, drink-driving7 or drug-driving8 can result in a heavy fi ne or imprisonment. Drivers may be asked by a police officer to take a breathalyser9 test. Hit-and-run10 accidents are almost always considered to be grave offences and may result in a ban11 for several years and/or imprisonment. In the UK, less serious breaches of traffic regulations may lead to penalty points12 on the driver’s licence. In many countries, on-the-spot13 fines may be issued for careless driving and other offences. In the European Union, exhaust emissions14 must meet certain standards, and the car must be roadworthy15, which includes a minimum depth of tyre tread16: driving with a bald17 tyre is against the law.   1 stop at a junction before entering a bigger road 2 is allowed to go before other traffic 3 often called a zebra crossing when it has black and white stripes 4 beeping is less formal than sounding 5 not stopping at 6 very dangerous, without any care for others 7 driving after consuming alcohol above the off icial limit 8 driving after taking illegal drugs 9 instrument you breathe into to measure alcohol level 10 running into someone and not stopping 11 removal of your driving licence 12 negative points which are added up over time and which can result in the loss of your licence 13 given at the scene of the offence 14 waste gases produced by the vehicle 15 in a condition that it can be driven safely 16 the depth of the grooves in the tyre rubber 17 one which has lost its tread
B	Traffic problems   It was the rush hour, and there was a long tailback. [line of slow or stopped traffic] There’s always congestion in the city centre. [situation in which there is a lot of traffic that can’t move. In some cities, cars have to pay a congestion charge to go into the city centre.] You have to pay a toll on the new motorway. [a charge you have to pay to use the road] There was a pile-up involving ten cars, because of the fog, so the road was closed and we were diverted onto a narrow country lane. [crash between several or many cars] [directed away from our road] Overnight snow caused disruption this morning on many roads, but it has cleared now. [when a system, process or event is prevented from continuing as usual or as expected] I had stupidly parked in a tow-away zone and came back to find my car had gone! [area where your car may be taken away if you park illegally] I only parked for a few minutes outside the station, but when I came out my car had been clamped. [fitted with a metal device on the wheel to prevent it from moving] I saw two men fighting next to their cars. I think it was a case of road rage. [anger or violence between drivers because of difficult driving conditions] The road was wet and I skidded on a bend and almost crashed. [lost control of the steering so that the car slid across the road] There was a head-on collision on the main road between here and the next village last night. [two vehicles hitting each other directly in the front]
	(Radio announcement) There was an accident at the junction between the A476 and the A53 this morning involving a lorry carrying a load of glue. Traffic has been stuck there for the last three hours.

 

EXERCISES

 

25.1	Fill the gaps in these sentences using words and phrases from the opposite page.   1 We can’t park here; it’s a __________ zone. 2 There was a five-mile __________ on the motorway because of road works. 3 Fog caused a number of __________, one of which involved 15 cars. 4 If it’s a __________ sign, you don’t have to stop if the road is clear, but if it’s a stop sign, then you must always stop. 5 Who has the at__________ a pedestrian crossing in your country? Cars or pedestrians? 6 It was a __________ accident, but the police have a description of the car. 7 The permitted level of __________ is to be lowered in an attempt to reduce air pollution in big cities. 8 He was given a __________ test and it was discovered he had consumed a huge amount of alcohol. He was charged with __________, fined and given three __________ on his licence. 9 In some countries, drivers __________ their just __________ because they get frustrated. As a result, the city streets are incredibly noisy. 10 The bad weather caused a lot of __________ to traffic all over the country. 11 People are being encouraged to leave their cars at home in an effort to reduce __________ in the city centre.
25.2	Respond to these comments as in the example, so that your response explains the meaning of the underlined words. Use words from the opposite page.   1 A: I came out and saw a big metal thing on my wheels. B: Oh, so your car had been clamped! A: Yes. I had to pay a lot of money to get it released.   2 A: As I drove round the corner, there was some ice on the road and I lost control of the steering. B: Oh, so you __________________________________.   3 A: The two women were obviously having an argument about the way one of them had been driving. Then suddenly they started hitting each other! B: Oh, I guess it was a case of __________________________________.   4 A: The police officer looked at two of my tyres and said they were illegal. B: Oh, so your tyres were __________________________________, were they?   5 A: The road was closed. Two lorries had come straight at each other and crashed. B: Oh, so it was a __________________________________.   6 A: The police officer fined me there and then. I have to pay up within seven days. B: Oh, really? I didn’t know they could give __________________________________. A: Yes. You have no choice. They just give it to you and you can’t dispute it at the time.   7 A: The man at the garage said my car wasn’t in a fit condition to be driven legally. B: Oh, so it’s not __________________________________. 8 A: They charge a lot to drive across the new bridge! B: Oh, really? Do you have to pay a __________________________________? I didn’t know that.
25.3	What do you think the underlined expressions mean? Write their meaning in your own words. Use a dictionary if you can’t work out the meaning from the context.   1 There were three separate accidents in the city centre during the rush hour and soon there was total gridlock. It took about two hours to clear. 2 The police car made me pull over and they checked my lights. 3 I had a minor bump yesterday. It wasn’t serious, but one of my lights got smashed. 4 My car conked out on the motorway and I had to ring for assistance. It cost me £100. 5 He’s a bit of a back-seat driver, so don’t be surprised if he criticises your driving.

 

ANSWER KEY

 

25.1 1 tow-away             7 (exhaust) emissions 2 tailback                8 breathalyser, drink-driving, penalty points 3 pile-ups                9 sound/beep, horns 4 give-way              10 disruption 5 right of way         11 congestion 6 hit-and-run 25.2 Suggested answers: 2 B: Oh, so you skidded. 3 B: Oh, I guess it was a case of road rage. 4 B: Oh, so your tyres were bald, were they? 5 B: Oh, so it was a head-on collision. 6 B: Oh, really? I didn’t know they could give on-the-spot fines. 7 B: Oh, so it’s not roadworthy. 8 B: Oh, really? Do you have to pay a toll? I didn’t know that.   25.3 Suggested answers: 1 All the traffic in all directions was unable to move. 2 The police car made me stop at the side of the road. 3 I had a small accident where I hit something or another car, but without serious damage. (Bump is an informal alternative to collision.) 4 My car broke down. (Conk out is very informal.) 5 He’s an irritating person who sits in the passenger seat and thinks he can tell the driver how to drive.