CAMBRIDGE
ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED
UNIT 33
Our endangered world
You probably already know a lot of
words for talking about the environment, pollution, and so on. In this unit we
focus particularly on collocations (words that are oft en used together). Try
to learn these and use them in your writing.
A
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Threats and potential threats to the
environment
1 places where animals live and breed
which are decreasing in size
2 variety of different types of
biological species
3 types of animals/plants which are
in danger of no longer existing
4 people who do not believe that
climate change is a serious issue
5 steady rise in average world temperatures
6 carbon dioxide gas from factories,
cars, etc.
7 coal, oil, etc.
8 warming of the Earth’s surface
caused by pollution, where gases trap and redirect heat back down to the
Earth’s surface
9 puts great pressure on; formal
10 limited resources that will
eventually run out / be exhausted
11 balance of natural relationships
in the environment
12 unrestricted destruction/clearing
of forests
13 forecasts about the population
14 grow extremely rapidly
15 resources that are reducing
16 getting rid of waste
17 poisonous waste materials
18 poisoning (something)
19 very valuable substance
20 ability to ensure that a
population has safe drinking water
21 the worst possibilities for the
future
22 perfectly clean/untouched/unspoilt
areas
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B
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Responses
to environmental issues and problems
Look
at these newspaper headlines and note the useful phrases.
1
reputation for positive support of the environment and for making policies
that reflect this
2
people who always make the most depressing or pessimistic predictions about
the future
3
development of industry, etc. which does not damage the environment or social
and economic stability, and which can continue over a period of time
4
energy produced using sun, wind or crops rather than coal or other fuels
which cannot be replaced once used
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Common
mistakes
People
cause damage to the environment (NOT
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EXERCISES
33.1
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Make
these sentences formal by using words and phrases from A opposite instead of
the underlined words, making any other necessary changes.
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33.2
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Complete
the following table, using a dictionary if necessary. Do not fill the shaded
boxes.
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33.3
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Correct
the mistakes in this paragraph.
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33.4
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Match
words on the left with words on the right to make collocations about the
environment.
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33.5
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Over
to you
To
find more vocabulary connected with environment and conservation issues,
visit the websites of major conservation organisations such as the World
Wildlife Fund (WWF) (www.worldwildlife.org) or Friends of the Earth
International (www.foei.org).
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ANSWER KEY
33.1
Suggested answers:
1 Carbon (dioxide) emissions from cars and factories are a major problem. 2 These flowers here are an endangered species, so it’s illegal to pick them. 3 A lot of wild animals have to survive in shrinking habitats. 4 A lot of Patagonia is a pristine environment. 5 We have to look after the finite resources of the planet. 6 If deforestation continues, there will be no forest left ten years from now. 7 Burning fossil fuels causes a lot of pollution. 8 Sea levels will rise / There will be rising sea levels if global warming continues. 9 Increasing population exerts severe pressure on economic resources. 10 The ecological balance is very delicate.
33.2
33.3
Prophets of doom and gloom are always
saying that we are heading for an environmental catastrophe,
and that unless we adopt a policy of sustainable development, we will cause irreparable damage to the planet. The worst-case scenario is of a world choked by overpopulation, the greenhouse effect and traffic gridlock. Much of what is claimed is exaggerated, but politicians are influenced by such voices and are always trying to improve their green credentials in the eyes of the voters.
33.4
1 d 2 e 3 g 4 h 5 f 6 c 7 a 8 b
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