Describing people: Personality and character traits CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

CAMBRIDGE ENGLISH VOCABULARY IN USE ADVANCED

UNIT 10

Describing people: Personality and character traits

A	Adjectives to describe people’s personality or behaviour word meaning example impetuous acts on a sudden idea without thinking first (often negative) She’s so impetuous; I wish she would considere things before acting. impulsive similar to impetuous, but can be used in a more positive way His impulsive generosity led him to give money to anyone who asked for help. effusive gives exaggerated expression of pleasure, praise or gratitude She always gives me such an effusive welcome when I visit her. excitable easily excited by things He’s a very excitable child; he needs to calm down. pushy always selfishly promoting your own position or interests; informaL She’s so pushy; it’s typical of her to demand a pay rise for herself and not care about the rest of us. self-conscious nervous or uncomfortable because you know what people think about you or your actions Freddie seemed self-conscious and uncomfortable when he had to make the announcement at the party. well-balanced calm and reasonable and showing good judgement The teacher said Maddy was a well-balanced child who got on well at school. taciturn /ˈtæsɪtɜːn/ reserved or says very little (generally negative) He was a bit taciturn when I first met him. He hardly said a word.
B	Sociability Chloe’s such an introvert. Her brother Mark is so outgoing and is such an extrovert. Strange, isn’t it? [inward-looking and quiet] [energetic and friendly, finds it easy to be with others] [outward-looking, energetic and sociable] Mr Rogers is such a diffident man. He seems to have quite low self-esteem. [lacks confidence] [has a low opinion of himself] English people are traditionally thought of as rather reserved. [not immediately sociable] Eva tends to be rather aloof. I don’t know if she’s just shy. [unfriendly and not sociable] My aunt Annie can be very haughty and disdainful at times, but she’s lovely really. [unfriendly and thinks herself better than others] [does not believe others deserve respect] I’ve always found Professor Mactoft very unapproachable, but his colleague Dr O’Daly is very approachable. [not easy to be sociable with or start a conversation with] [the opposite] Natasha is very conceited and self-important, but Rachel is such a modest person. [thinks herself wonderful] [has an exaggerated sense of her importance] [prefers not to exaggerate her own qualities] Joe is always so polite and respectful. I wish he would be more informal and just treat me as his equal. [treating someone well and politely, often with admiration]
C	Character traits Arjen is a somewhat naive person; he thinks love can solve all the world’s problems. [/naɪˈiːv/ willing to believe simple things, perhaps because of inexperience] Telephone salespeople often take advantage of gullible people. [easily deceived] My father was a very conscientious man; he never took time off work unless he was really sick. [/ˌkɒntʃiˈentʃəs/ always took his work very seriously] She’s a restless individual. I don’t think she’ll ever settle down in a job. [not satisfied with what she is doing now and wanting something new] You are so obstinate and pig-headed! Why don’t you listen when people give you advice? [unwilling to change, despite persuasion] [similar to obstinate but stronger; informal]

EXERCISES

10.1	Answer these questions. 1 Why would people rather have an approachable teacher or boss than an unapproachable one? What is a stronger and less formal way of saying obstinate? If someone is diffident, do they have little or lots of self-confidence? How could you describe a greeting from someone that showed exaggerated pleasure? 2 3 4 5 Do you think it would be easy or difficult to have a friendly conversation with a taciturn person? Which tends to be more negative, impetuous or impulsive? Which would most people rather be described as, conscientious or self-conscious? If you’re outgoing, are you more likely to be seen as an introvert or an extrovert? 6 7 8
10.2	Rewrite the underlined parts of the sentences using the words in the box, making any other changes necessary. restless well-balanced aloof conceited haughty excitable naive self-esteem pushy outgoing 1 Don’t be so over-proud of your achievements! You’re not the only one to get an A-grade! People who have a poor opinion of themselves can find it difficult to achieve their goals. He’s generally a happy, sociable sort of person. She is a person who is generally quite reasonable and who shows good judgement overall. You always seem unable to settle down. What’s the problem? 2 3 4 5 6 He’s so easily excited. He should try to calm down more. She believes rather simple things when it comes to politics. He’s just pursuing his own interests and cares little what happens to others. Frances was very unfriendly and would not take part in things at the party. At times, Joel is quite cold and unfriendly and acts as if he’s better than the rest of us. 7 8 9 10
10.3	Complete the table. Some of the words are not on the opposite page.
10.4	These sentences contain words from the table in 10.3. Rewrite the sentences using the other form of the word. For example, use a noun instead of an adjective and vice versa. 1 One of her main character traits is that she is impetuous. 2 It’s difficult to get him to change his ways. He displays a high level of obstinacy. 3 Luke shows a lot of reserve, but his wife is known more for her approachability. 4 One of her nicest characteristics is that she is modest. 5 She shows a lot of respect for her elders. It’s important in her culture. 6 Being pig-headed seems to be a family trait among my relatives. 7 She is so full of self-importance; it irritates everyone. 8 Online identity thieves prey on people being gullible.
10.5	Over to you Choose five words from the opposite page that you feel describe you. Be honest!

ANSWER KEY

10.1 1 An approachable teacher or boss is one that you can easily talk to. 2 pig-headed 3 little 4 an effusive greeting 5 difficult 6 impetuous 7 conscientious 8 extrovert 10.2 1 Don’t be so conceited! You’re not the only one to get an A-grade! 2 People with / who have low self-esteem can find it difficult to achieve their goals. 3 He’s generally an outgoing sort of person. 4 She is a well-balanced person overall. 5 You always seem restless. What’s the problem? 6 He’s so excitable. He should try to calm down more. 7 She is rather naive when it comes to politics. 8 He’s pushy and cares little what happens to others. 9 Frances was very aloof at the party. 10 At times, Joel is quite haughty. 10.3 10.4 1 One of her main character traits is impetuosity/impetuousness. 2 It’s difficult to get him to change his ways. He is very obstinate. 3 Luke is very reserved, but his wife is more approachable. 4 One of her nicest characteristics is (her) modesty. 5 She is very respectful towards/to her elders. It’s important in her culture. 6 Pig-headedness seems to be a family trait among my relatives. 7 She is so self-important; it irritates everyone. 8 Online identity thieves prey on people’s gullibility.