UNIT 113. Although/ though/ even though In spite of/ despite ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

UNIT 113. Although/ though/ even though

In spite of/ despite

A	Study this example situation: Last year Paul and Sarah had a holiday by the sea. It rained a lot, but they enjoyed it. You can say: Although it rained a lot, they enjoyed it. (= It rained a lot, but they ... )
B	After although we use a subject+ verb: √ Although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. I didn't get the job although I had the necessary qualifications. √ Compare the meaning of although and because: √ We went out although it was raining heavily. We didn't go out because it was raining heavily. √
C	After in spite of or despite, we use a noun, a pronoun (this/that/what etc.) or -ing √ In spite of the rain, we enjoyed our holiday. I didn't get the job in spite of having the necessary qualifications. She wasn't well, but in spite of this she continued working. In spite of what I said yesterday, I still love you. √ √ √ Despite is the same as in spite of. We say in spite of, but despite (without of): √ She wasn't well, but despite this she continued working. (not despite of this) You can say in spite of the fact (that) ... and despite the fact (that) ... : √ Compare in spite of and because of: √ We went out in spite of the rain. (or ... despite the rain.) We didn't go out because of the rain. √
D	Compare although and in spite of /despite: √ √
E	Though is the same as although: √ I didn't get the job though I had the necessary qualifications. In spoken English we often use though at the end of a sentence: √ The house isn't so nice. I like the garden though. (=but I like the garden) I see them every day. I've never spoken to them though. (= but I've never spoken to them) √ Even though (but not 'even' alone) is a stronger form of although: √ Even though I was really tired, I couldn't sleep. (not Even I was really tired ... )

EXERCISES

113.1	Complete the sentences. Use although + a sentence from the box. 1 _____Although he has a very important job_______, he isn't particularly well-paid. 2 __________________________________, I recognised her from a photograph. She wasn't wearing a coat __________________________________. We thought we'd better invite them to the party __________________________________. __________________________________, I managed to make myself understood. 3 4 5 6 __________________________________, the room wasn't warm. I didn't recognise her __________________________________. We're not very good friends __________________________________. 7 8
113.2	Complete the sentences with although /in spite of /because /because of. 1 ______ Although_____  1t rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday. 2 a. __________________ all our careful plans, a lot of things went wrong. b. __________________ we'd planned everything carefully, a lot of things went wrong. 3 a. I went home early __________________ I was feeling unwell. b. I went to work the next day __________________ I was still feeling unwell. 4 a. She only accepted the job __________________ the salary, which was very high. b. She accepted the job __________________ the salary, which was rather low. 5 a. I managed to get to sleep __________________ there was a lot of noise. b. I couldn't get to sleep __________________ the noise. Use your own ideas to complete the following sentences: 6 a. He passed the exam although __________________. b. He passed the exam because __________________. 7 a. I didn't eat anything although __________________. b. I didn't eat anything in spite of __________________.
113.3	Make one sentence from two. Use the word(s) in brackets in your sentences. 1 I couldn't sleep. I was very tired. (despite) _____ I couldn’t sleep despite being very tired. ___________ 2 They have very little money. They are happy. (in spite of) In spite _______________________________________________ 3 My foot was injured. I managed to walk home. (although) _______________________________________________ 4 I enjoyed the film. The story was silly. (in spite of) ________________________________________ 5 We live in the same street. We hardly ever see each other. (despite) _______________________________________________ 6 I got very wet in the rain. I was only out for five minutes. (even though) _______________________________________________
113.4	Use the words in brackets to make a sentence with though at the end. 1 The house isn't very nice. (like I garden) _____ I like the garden though _______. 2 It’s warm today. (very windy) ______________________. We didn't like the food. (ate) ______________________. Liz is very nice. (don't like /husband) I ______________________. 3 4

ANSWER KEY