UNIT 92. Relative clauses 1; clauses with who/ that/ which ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE FOR INTERMEDIATE

UNIT 92. Relative clauses 1; clauses with who/ that/ which

A	Look at this example sentence: The woman who lives next door  (relative clause) is a doctor. A clause is a part of a sentence. A relative clause tells us which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means: √ The woman who lives next door ... ('who lives next door' tells us which woman) √ People who live in the country ... ('who live in the country' tells us what kind of people) We use who in a relative clause when we are talking about people (not things): √ An architect is someone who designs buildings. What was the name of the person who phoned? Anyone who wants to apply for the job must do so by Friday. √ √ You can also use that (instead of who), but you can't use which for people: √ The woman that lives next door is a doctor. (not the woman which) Sometimes you must use who (not that) for people- see Unit 95.
B	When we are talking about things, we use that or which (not who) in a relative clause: √ I don't like stories that have unhappy endings. (or stories which have ... ) Grace works for a company that makes furniture. (or a company which makes furniture) The machine that broke down is working again now. (or The machine which broke down) √ √ That is more usual than which, but sometimes you must use which- see Unit 95.
C	Remember that in relative clauses we use who/that/which, not he/she/they/it. Compare: √ 'Who's that woman ?' 'She lives next door to me.' I've never spoken to the woman who lives next door. (not the woman she lives) √ Where is the cheese? It was in the fridge. Where is the cheese that was in the fridge? (not the cheese it was)
D	What= 'the thing(s) that'. Compare what and that: √ What happened was my fault. (=the thing that happened) But √ Everything that happened was my fault. (not Everything what happened) The machine that broke down is now working again. (not The machine what broke down) √

EXERCISES

92.1	In this exercise you have to explain what some words mean. Choose the right meaning from the box and then write a sentence with who. Use a dictionary if necessary. 1 (an architect) ______ An architect is someone who designs buildings. _______________ 2 (a burglar) ____ A burglar is someone _____________________________________________ 3 (a customer) _____________________________________________ 4 (a shoplifter) _____________________________________________ 5 (a coward) _____________________________________________ 6 (an atheist) _____________________________________________ 7 (a pessimist) _____________________________________________ 8 (a tenant) _____________________________________________
92.2	Make one sentence from two. Use who/that/which. 1 A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in hospital. _____ The girl who was injured in the accident is now in hospital. __________________ 2 A waitress served us. She was impolite and impatient. The ________________________________________________________ 3 A building was destroyed in the fire. lt has now been rebuilt. The ________________________________________________________ 4 Some people were arrested. They have now been released. The ________________________________________________________ 5 A bus goes to the airport. lt runs every half hour. The ________________________________________________________
92.3	Complete the sentences. Choose from the box and make a relative clause. invented the telephone makes furniture runs away from home gives you the meaning of words stole my wallet can support life were hanging on the wall cannot be explained 1 Helen works for a company ______that makes furniture. ___________________ 2 The book is about a girl _____________________________________. What happened to the pictures _____________________________________? A mystery is something _____________________________________. The police have arrested the man _____________________________________ 3 4 5 6 A dictionary is a book _____________________________________. Alexander Bell was the man _____________________________________. It seems that Earth is the only planet _____________________________________. 7 8
92.4	Are these sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary. 1 I don't like stories who have unhappy endings. ____stories that have _____ 2 What was the name of the person who phoned? ________OK___________ 3 Where's the nearest shop who sells bread? The driver which caused the accident was fined £500. Do you know the person that took these pictures? _______________________ 4 _______________________ 5 _______________________ 6 We live in a world what is changing all the time. Dan said some things about me that were not t rue. What was the name of the horse it won the race? _______________________ 7 _______________________ 8 _______________________

ANSWER KEY